Source favicon21:24 Talkr,假Podcast » Jan's Tech Blog
Talkr,一個出了一段時間的服務,但Jan卻未有時間試。今天試了,有一點感受。Talkr說他們的服務就是要「Podcast any blog」,使用Text to Speech技術將我們的Blog(當然只限英文Blog啦)變成語音,再成為Podcast。...
Source favicon20:41 "Killer" club in Beijing » Danwei RSS 2.0
Fight Club ain't got nothin' on this.A Legal Mirror intern reports about a "Killer" club that has been in operation in Beijing for about half a year. The club, which has 17 rooms capable of holding 12 to 16 people each, exists solely to provide a venue for the 6000-plus members to play the game "Killer" from 6 to 8 every evening. "Killer" (similar to the game known as "Mafia") basically involves players sitting around a table arguing over which one of them is the killer, with each person trying to prove their innocence to the group. It's fun, but not exactly something you'd imaging there being a club for. The intern, who was granted entrance into the inner sanctum, was told that the nearly 100 parking spots were full every day. Music gets piped into the rooms to signal when the rounds change, and referees (all of whom are women) make sure things proceed in an organized fashion. The club also offers training for prospective players who aren't yet up to international assassin levels. We'd really like to believe that this club exists. It's too bad, then, that the article names no names, provides no address, and quotes no price. Links and Sources Legal Mirror (Chinese): "Killer" club has 6000 "killers" Graduate Mafia Brotherhood of Princeton University: Rules of Mafia Image from John Woo's The Killer
Source favicon19:45 Dashan signs books, trashes crosstalk in Chongqing » Danwei RSS 2.0
Dashan wows a fan.Everyone's favorite Chinese-speaking Canadian comedian, Dashan (aka Mark Rowswell), is making appearances at bookstores across the country promoting his new book of children's fables, Uncle Dashan Tells Stories (listen to him read in the links below). He also spoke about fairy tales and crosstalk in critical terms that the Chongqing Evening News likens to the language used on big character posters: He detests the methods of traditional Chinese education, in which children are told a story and then are exactly what they should have learned from it. He feels this shows distrust and disrespect for children's intellegence. Although he became known to audiences through crosstalk, Dashan rarely appears on TV to do crosstalk anymore. He says that TV killed crosstalk. He spoke frankly, saying that by the time he got involved with crosstalk he had missed its golden years by over a decade...the primary reason is that on variety shows televised in China, crosstalk is assigned a topic and has a responsibility to convey some message. He is unwilling to do those assigned topics; hence his appearances doing crosstalk on TV have dropped off. But he often goes to small teahouses in Beijing to see live performances. Dashan has expressed views like these in the past, but so far they don't seem to have affected his stature in the eyes of his adoring Chinese audience, nor have they redeemed his reputation in the eyes of critical expats. He also spoke about the financial scandal that surrounds the television production company with which he is associated in Canada (noted earlier on Danwei), but his remarks merely echoed previous statements given by his representatives. Links and Sources Chongqing Evening News (Chinese): A big character poster with two major criticisms Chongqing Evening News (Chinese): First time Dashan responds to Canadian scandal Danwei on crosstalk: Stifled Laughter: How the Communist Party Killed Chinese Humor Dashan's Internet Home (Chinese) : Uncle Dashan Tells Stories homepage Dashan reads The Three Billy-Goats Gruff: English, Chinese
Source favicon19:00 Legal Mirror: Beijing desperately seeking A-yis! » Danwei RSS 2.0
Legal Mirror's weekly column 'Checking Your Pockets' provides interesting info about the average salaries of different industries in the Chinese capital. The pockets checked this week are those of the thousands of housekeepers, or A-yi (阿姨) or baomu (保姆), employed by thousands of households in Beijing. According to Legal Mirror, there are three main categories of housekeepers: those employed by foreigners (涉外保姆), those with a major in domestic services (大学生家政员!), and the ordinary housekeepers (普通保姆). Sweeping up dust for a foreign laowai is the most profitable option, considering that this category of housekeepers can make RMB2,000/month (USD242/month), plus a few hundreds more on top of that for overtime. The housekeepers with an education in...uhh...housekeeping can make up to RMB1,500/month (USD180/month); whereas the ordinary housekeepers with no foreigners to work for and no related education make RMB600 to 700 a month (USD72). Legal Mirror also points out that the offer cannot keep up with the increasing demand for these services. According to the data provided by local authorities, currently there are around 80 to 90 thousand ordinary housekeepers working for Beijing families; but the market would need at least 50 to 60 thousand more to keep up with the actual demand. The same applies to housekeepers with an education: apparently the market needs at least 20 to 30 thousand more of them! Links and Sources Legal Mirror article (Chinese): Lack of 20 to 30 thousand housekeepers with a higher education degree Danwei archives: How much money does a model make in Beijing? Danwei archives: How much money does a Beijing lawyer make?
Source favicon16:38 Beijing Media Top Stories: Zheng He and China's pride » Danwei RSS 2.0
Chinese government decided to take July 11 as a national Maritime Day starting this year, marking the 600th anniversary of ocean voyages by Zheng He, a great navigator of China's Ming Dynasty. From June this year, Chinese media has already buzzed with many stories about Zheng He and his significant contribution to Chinese history. Lots of historical data and photos shows China had been the king of sea in the world. Yesterday, a specially organized commemorative congregation was hold in The Great Hall of People, and relevant reports hits the peak today. "Zheng He's voyages greatly facilitated cultural, economic and trade exchanges across the globe, helped establish friendly ties and contributed to the world's navigation cause," Vice Premier Huang Ju praised Zheng's contribution to the world seafaring in the congregation. The most popular contents about Zheng He for newspapers and magazines are: Zheng He's maritime routes (with maps) for 7 times, and relevant historical background; The advanced big ship at the time, and how to make it; Zheng He made the first long-distance seafaring, 87 years earlier than his foreign explorer peer Columbus's bold attempt to reach for America; The historical changes of Zheng He's shipyard The pictured inside page is picked from The Beijing News. It features an image of Zheng He, with a headline of "The king of sea in 15th century".
Source favicon16:29 【极右标本】转贴一名“美国右派”对我前文的批评 » Anti's Blog
注:今天有一位朋友在我《布什政府设局,司法与媒体互博》博客跟贴,我特别转载如下。看风格,很像是曹长青写的,美国语境的人民日报评论员风格。我承认,我是读《纽约时报》、看Zakaria的文章一路走来的,所以作者说我受了美国左派毒害我也不否认。我推荐此文的重要原因是,此文基本是标准的《华尔街日报》评论观点。我和他的争论,也能折射了美国日益激烈的自由/保守对立,几乎对于每个事实,都有完全不同的解释和分析。Frank Rich在《纽约时报》的《Worse than watergate》(http://www.iht.com/protected/articles/2005/07/10/opinion/edrich.php)一文,更详细地展现了我前文未说清楚地细节,和此反驳文章也形成对应,大家可以看看。当然,在我们这位中文右派作者来看,《纽约时报》一直是在撒谎的。我也用不找和他辩论了,《纽约时报》都一直撒谎,那我说什么还有什么意义?
大家不妨看看他引用的Newsweek关于Rove是消息来源的报道,看完会理解这样的一个基本的事实:是Rove泄漏了威尔逊夫人为CIA工作的消息给时代记者,而这正是Rove否认的。今天的美联社也清楚地说了Rove的原话:“Rove told Time magazine reporter Matthew Cooper that the woman "apparently works" for the CIA and that she had authorized her husband's trip to Africa to assess allegations that Iraq was trying to obtain yellowcake uranium for nuclear weapons, according to a July 11, 2003, e-mail by Cooper obtained by Newsweek magazine. ”。可是这位右派作者竟然能得出1)威尔逊没有透露威尔逊夫人的身份(我不知道他怎么看新闻的,“那个女人”就不算透露这个人的身份了?);2)他引用右派“分析”,说可能是Miller告诉官员,真正的罪犯是Miller,这不是凭空指控吗?这就是我说的,同样的简单事实,极右派能得出完全不同的结论。那还有什么好讨论的?Rove是不是那个人,法院知道是他了,极右派过分的辩解是可笑的。至于关于那16字是否是谎言,这同样说明我所说的事情:极右派的事实是我们常人不一样的。
就这样,美国的自由和保守派,一直阅读着不同的报纸,看着不同的电视。保守派他们觉得Fox News是真正的媒体,而经过主流新闻教育的记者和自由派读者,恐怕会觉得这种爱国的、为政府宣传的媒体其实和垃圾没什么两样。美国左派和右派,连朋友圈都是各自独立的,实在是因为这种几乎在所有问题上都无法达成共识的朋友,交起来也辛苦。
这位中文美国右派作者也有自己的博客(http://tocom.blogspot.com/,图标是讽刺美国民主党是一个Crying Baby。我是自由派,也支持对立观点的传播,所以鼓励各位经常看他的博客。
我的想法很简单,能用中文写这样极右的观点(例如极力赞扬政府、反对记者保护消息来源),而且竟然把我划到“新左派”,是不是有点时空倒错?美国自由派反对政府扩权、支持新闻自由、保护公民隐私、支持公民不服从,也是中国右派在捍卫的。这位作者如果认为中国人谈这些都是在跟随《纽约时报》撒谎,那么中国共产党不一直在做正确的事情吗?我的建议是,这样的文字,用英文写就好了,写成中文,实在是太多单词需要重新翻译,比如这个左右派的说法,生硬嫁接到中国,说我是新左派,这不是认知障碍吗?

分析一篇关于美国新闻的错误百出的文章

http://tocom.blogspot.com/2005/07/blog-post_12.html

安替在2005-07-11的《南方都市报》 上发表了一篇时评文章,“布什政府设局,司法与媒体肉搏”。这是一篇错误百出的文章,现在具体分析如下。

错误一:这篇文章在没有任何证据的情况下,宣称“布什政府设局”。要给人的印象是布什“操控媒体”,致使记者入狱。这是对美国司法系统的无知。依法判决米勒入狱的,是联邦法官。当初闹翻了天,要求布什政府立即对此事展开司法调查的,不是别人,也正是《纽约时报》等左派媒体。按照安替的逻辑,左派媒体明知这样的调查会取证到他们自己头上,却还极力要求这样做,那也就是“设局”陷害布什政府侵犯新闻自由的罪名了?

错误二:此文把保护消息来源当作记者的神圣权利。这是子虚乌有的。美国的宪法根本没有规定过记者可以以保护消息来源为理由而拒绝作证。在法制社会里面,人人都有作证的义务。除非法律明文规定的豁免,例如不得自证其罪等。左派媒体这里试图维护的,是一个捏造出来的“权利”。这说明了他们自以为自己高于法律之上,可以不受法律约束。联邦法官的判决给了他们当头棒喝。退一步讲,即使记者可以保护消息来源,当这种泄露本身就是犯罪行为时,记者也必须作证。

错误三:此文宣称“法庭真正在调查的一场对公民打击报复的罪行”。这是事实错误。大陪审团的调查有明确的目标,那就是违反法律泄露CIA秘密特工身份的犯罪行为。这样的调查还没有结束,结果尚不为人所知。到了安替那里,他已经把布什政府作为罪犯主体,目的是“对公民打击报复”。罪犯主体是谁,我们拭目以待,本文下面还有推论。他的另外一个判断:目的是“对公民打击报复”也不符合事实。

读一读最早公开发表威尔逊夫人身份的专栏作家诺瓦克的那篇文章,其目的很清楚。诺瓦克是在激烈地质疑威尔逊的可信度。原来,把威尔逊这个左派活动分子,后来John Kerry的竞选顾问推荐到Niger调查萨达姆核问题的,不是别人,正是他的夫人,一个CIA的左派分析师。从新闻周刊最新发表的一篇报道中,也可以明显看出,Karl Rove在和时代杂志记者Cooper的谈话明确提到,指派有严重党派倾向,没有专业训练的自己的丈夫去做调查,是缺乏可信度的。所以,目的是“对公民打击报复”不符合事实,目的是质疑威尔逊的可信度。

错误四:此文宣称“威尔逊这样一位真正的深喉,这样一位揭露政府在撒谎的人”。这完全不符合事实。事实是,威尔逊才是那个撒谎的骗子。当初,威尔逊和《纽约时报》密切配合,在《纽约时报》头版大幅报道布什在国情咨文中撒谎。这就是那个著名的16字“谎言”(The British government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa.)。布什政府撤回了这句话。问题来了。几个月以后,2004年7月,参议院调查CIA情报收集工作的报告发现,布什在国情咨文中那个著名的16字是完全有根有据的。而且,这份一致通过,没有异议的参议院调查CIA情报工作的报告发现,威尔逊自己的Niger报告原来是支持了,而不是削弱了萨达姆在Niger寻求铀的指控!对此,《纽约时报》在第十多版偷偷地发了一篇豆腐块新闻。不提,也不撤回以前头版报道的假新闻了。难怪Ann Coulter对此评论道“威尔逊说谎,年轻人死亡!”。安替这里的说法说明他根本不了解这里面一波三折的基本事实。

错误五:此文宣称“普遍认为,布什高级顾问卡尔·罗夫是消息来源的可能性最大。”这不符合事实。最近英文左派媒体大力炒作此事,但是他们基本上说的是,卡尔·罗夫是时代杂志记者Cooper的消息来源。并且从上面新闻周刊的报道看出,罗夫从来没有透露过威尔逊夫人的秘密特工身份。联邦法律规定,只有故意透露CIA秘密特工的身份才是犯罪行为。而罗夫早就公开宣布,他授权与他谈话的记者公开他这方面的消息来源。那么,《纽约时报》的米勒拒绝作证,要极力保护的是谁呢?可以肯定不是罗夫。这篇分析说明,米勒作为华盛顿的圈内人和威尔逊夫人的朋友,很可能早就知道她的秘密特工身份。有趣的是,这篇分析中特别提到,华盛顿邮报曾经报道:“接近调查的消息来源说,有证据表明,是某些记者告诉了政府官员威尔逊夫人的特工身份,而不是相反”。换句话说,米勒拒绝作证,要极力保护的,很可能是她自己!

安替的这篇文章把一个藐视法庭,蔑视法律尊严的记者当成了维护新闻自由的英雄。基本上是全盘采用了美国左派的说教。《纽约时报》等左派报纸在头版大幅宣扬米勒这样的罪犯“英雄”;而那些出生入死,为了美国的自由和安全而自愿走上战场的战士们,却从来没有在《纽约时报》上得到过这样的待遇。正如传统民主党人Zen Miller去年在共和党大会上讲的,给我们自由的,不是那些记者,而是我们的战士。Zen Miller没有离开民主党,而越来越左倾,把反恐等国家安全问题无限政治化的当今美国民主党,却离开了Zen Miller。跟在美国左派后面的是,一批中国大陆的新左派“记者”。

Source favicon16:20 电子实验记录本 » 桑林志
我不是很有条理,虽然做实验也做些记录,但是稍稍过一阵子,自己就很可能弄不清自己的记录了。等换了个工作,甚至那些记录本也会被我丢失。但是,我确实看到一些同事有很好的记录习惯,几十本A4大的本子,似乎保留了从他做研究生时开始的所有实验记录和笔记。 这种几百年的传统,有人希望改一改,现在该使用电子记录本了。使用电子记录本的明显好处是,便于合作者间分享,便于查询搜索。确实每个人的记录习惯都不同,旁人很难理解。但是如果使用电子记录路本,由于软件的限定,只好记录得比较规矩。但是可能也正因为此,学术圈里面对电子记录本的响应不是很大,因为在纸上记录更随意,更有创造性。Nature 上这篇文章比较详细讲了两种方式各自的好处。 对我来说更有意思的是,这篇文章里提到了一个开源的电子实验记录本软件。它虽然没有商业软件的数据库系统,但已经有很多功能了。你可以使用一个客户端程序把记录放在他们的服务器上,也有一个服务器程序允许在自己的网站上搭建。有空时试一试。
Source favicon15:08 FeedBurner BuzzBoost » WebLeOn's Blog
FeedBurner的开发脚步越迈越快,功能的升级几乎要变成了家常便饭。10天前刚刚推出了7项新功能,今天官方Blog上又向我们介绍了另一个新的发布模块:BuzzBoost



其实这并不是一个什么新鲜的想法。简单的说,BuzzBoost只不过是为FeedBurner增加了RSS的Javascript输出形式。不过,既然已经用了FeedBurner的服务,如果要用到Javascript输出功能,BuzzBoost当然要比RSS Digest等第三方服务来的稳定。



而且在细节上,BuzzBoost也还是有它的过人之处。除了可以在服务器端设置显示条数、是否在新窗口打开链接、自定义标题、摘要格式、日期格式、排列顺序、是否显示Podcast链接等项目以外,BuzzBoost还提供了非常丰富的Javascript自定义参数,让你可以非常容易的实时修改输出格式。不仅如此,BuzzBoost还为输出的每一个项目设置了一个CSS标签。也就是说,你可以随心所欲的修改输出Javascript的显示效果。超高的自定义程度配合FeedBurner本身的强大功能,让BuzzBoost能够产生非常丰富的应用



对FeedBurner网站来说,这也是一个增加用户很好的机会。相信会有不少人仅仅是为了BuzzBoost,去使用FeedBurner的服务。一个优秀的服务总是要有好几个实用明了的功能,能够吸引来不同的潜在用户。在用户的使用过程中,自然会慢慢发现这项服务其它的优点。
Source favicon13:26 物权法制定的国家本体硬伤 [Flickr] » Not isaacmao.com

Isaac Mao posted a photo:

物权法制定的国家本体硬伤

《物权法》将中国社会制度的矛盾展露无疑

==================================

聚焦看不懂的物权法草案
(讨论)


九大焦点

土地使用期限可突破70年

[现状]一般人所拥有住房的土地使用期限是70年。那么,70年后,我们的房子怎么办?

[《草案》]建设用地使用权的期限届满,建设用地使用权消灭。建设用地使用权的期限届满,建设用地使用权人需要继续使用土地的,应当在期限届满前一年申请续期。

[专家]开发商和购房人交纳的土地出让金和购房款都是以70年的使用期为限的。70年期限到了以后,就该把土地交还给政府。对于住宅来说,70年期限后很可能还在使用之中,那么使用人可以交还房屋,或是向政府申请续期,继续按照土地的用途交纳出让金。

机动车被定为不动产

[现状]我国《民法通则》没有明确规定机动车辆是不动产还是动产,但高法曾有一个解释“车辆以交付”视为转让,登记管理制度不是所有权转让的必要方式。

[《草案》]机动车等物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭,未经登记,不得对抗善意第三人。

[专家]《草案》的规定已经将机动车明确规定为不动产,车辆的买卖和房产一样必须经过登记才能转让成功,否则就不能对抗善意第三人。但草案作出这样的规定与我国以前的法律有很大的冲突,因此一系列的法律也应作出变更才行。

失物“悬赏”须兑现

[现状]很多人在丢失了重要财物时,都会“悬赏”,承诺给拾得人一定报酬作为答谢。更多的人都怀有这样一种心思:我捡到的钱物可以如数归还失主,但是我的这种行为应当得到一定的回报——希望失主能给予自己一定的物质酬谢。于是近几年来,拾得人将钱财送还失主同时又索取报酬的事情越来越多,因为缺乏相关法律规范,由此引发的纠纷时有所闻。

[《草案》]所有权人、遗失人等权利人领取遗失物时,应当向拾得人或者有关部门支付遗失物的保管费等必要费用。所有权人、遗失人等权利人悬赏寻找遗失物的,领取遗失物时应当按照承诺向拾得人支付报酬。拾得人侵占遗失物的,无权请求遗失物的保管费等必要费用和报酬。

[专家]“拾金不昧”是我国的传统美德。在我国,将拾到的财物如数上交或交还失主,一直被视作拾得人应尽的义务和一条基本的社会行为规范。为了鼓励这种行为,物权法没有规定,遗失人必须支付一定报酬。但是从另一个角度看,从捡到财物到归还失主,拾得人耗费了一定的时间和精力(如代为保管财物、寻找失主等),假如遗失人事先承诺给予报酬,就不能反悔。对拾得人付出的相关费用也应该予以补偿。

征地拆迁须合理补偿

[现状]随着城市发展的加快,拆迁、征地引发的纠纷和矛盾越来越多。补偿不到位目前仍是征地、拆迁环节中存在的突出问题,许多群众的切身利益受到侵害。

[《草案》]财产拆迁、征收私人的不动产,应当按照国家规定给予补偿;没有国家规定的,应当给予合理补偿,并保证被拆迁人、被征收人得到妥善安置。违法拆迁、征收,造成私人财产损失的,应当依法承担民事责任和行政责任;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

[专家]这是继《宪法》明确规定保护公民私有财产后,对公民私有权的进一步保护。拆迁是为了社会公共利益,公民个人要服从社会公共利益,这一点毋庸置疑,但这并不表示,必须牺牲公民的个人合法权利。拆迁应按照国家规定予以补偿,没有规定的,必须予以合理补偿。

小区绿地道路属业主

[现状]目前,小区绿地、道路产权纠纷时有发生,业主与物业公司之间的矛盾更是在一些地方非常激化。绿地和道路究竟归谁所有?业主对物业服务不满意,是否有权更换?

[《草案》]建筑区划内的绿地、道路以及物业管理用房,属于业主共有,但属于市政设施的除外。会所、车库的归属,有约定的,按照约定;没有约定或者约定不明确的,除建设单位等能够证明其享有所有权外,属于业主共有。

[专家]小区内的公共设施的产权问题向来争议很多。很多业主对绿地、道路归业主所有并不清楚,一些开发商甚至擅自卖了绿地。关于维修基金,很多业主在购房时交了钱,但这笔钱是怎么用的,用在什么地方了,业主并不知情。物权法对此做出细致的规定,有利于保护业主的合法权利。

相邻之间不得侵权

[现状]楼下的餐馆长年累月把油烟熏到楼上的住户窗户上,隔壁的噪音让人睡不好觉,邻里之间的类似纠纷真让人为难。

[《草案》]不动产权利人有权依照法律规定,禁止相邻权利人排放大气污染物、水污染物、固体废物以及施放噪声、光、磁波辐射等有害物质。不动产权利人挖掘土地、建造建筑物、铺设管线以及安装设备等,不得危及相邻不动产的正常使用和安全;造成损害的,应当给予补偿。

[专家]《民法通则》也对相邻关系有所涉及,但相对比较笼统,而物权法的规定则非常细化。实际上,这些权利都是不动产所有权的扩展。既然房子是我的,那么我就有禁止他人进入的权利。这些权利都是不动产所有权的派生。

物权保护不受时间限制

[现状]目前我国《民法通则》规定不动产所有人请求排除妨害或者消除危险,在知道危险的两年内可行使请求消除危险权,两年后则过了诉讼时效。

[《草案》]有可能危及行使物权的,权利人可以请求消除危险。权利人请求排除妨害或者消除危险,不适用诉讼时效。

[专家]物权保护不受时间的限制,对物的所有权人非常有利,更有利于保护私有财产。

住宅改商用须经业主同意

[现状]随着经济的发展,一楼居住的居民所处的位置特殊,有时改作商用可以带来更大的经济利益,比如开餐厅等,但会给其他的邻居带来一系列的不方便,诉之法律却没有法律依据。

[《草案》]将住宅改变为餐饮、娱乐等商业用房和将共有部分改变用途这两种情形,均应当经有利害关系的全体业主同意。

[专家]这样的规定,让其他的业主申诉起来有了明确的法律依据,像以前的法律没有相关方面的规定,相邻房屋的所有人权益受到侵犯也很难通过法律途径解决,更多地依赖相关的行政部门采取行政手段,追究将房屋改作其他用途者的责任。

不动产实行统一登记

[现状]目前,按照法律规定办理转让和抵押的登记机构有几十个部门,当事人负担较重。

[《草案》]不动产登记,由不动产所在地的登记机构办理。国家对不动产实行统一登记制度。统一登记的范围、登记机构和登记办法,由法律、行政法规规定。关于不动产的登记费用,草案规定,不得按照不动产的面积、体积或者价额的比例收取,具体收费标准由国务院规定。

[专家]不动产登记是建立物权制度的重要基础。按照物权公示的原则,涉及不动产的,要靠登记制度保障。

-五大疑问

私人财产是否获同等保护

目前公布的物权法草案将国家、集体和私人所有权并列为一章,着重突出对公有财产和私人财产予以同等保护。草案规定,任何单位和个人负有不妨碍权利人行使物权的义务。权利人享有的物权受法律保护,任何单位和个人不得侵害。国家、集体和私人所有权受法律保护。禁止任何单位和个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏国家、集体和私人的财产。

专家认为,法律对私人财产的保护,除最高层次的宪法保护外,还应有第二层次的民法保护,第三层次的单行法保护。物权法草案对公私财产实行平等保护,这是社会主义市场经济所要求的交易秩序形成的条件,也是社会主义法治精神的具体体现。

物权受损有哪些解决途径

草案规定,物权受到侵害的,权利人可以通过和解、调解等途径解决,也可以依法向人民法院提起诉讼。造成不动产或者动产毁损的,权利人可以请求恢复原状;不能恢复原状或者恢复原状后仍有损失的,可以请求损害赔偿。侵害物权,除承担民事责任外,违反行政管理规定的,应当依法承担行政责任;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

城镇居民可否在农村购房

根据土地管理法的规定,国务院为加强农村土地的管理,已经明确规定“禁止城镇居民在农村购置宅基地”。因此,目前的草案规定,宅基地使用权人经本集体同意,可以将建造的住房转让给本集体内符合宅基地使用权分配条件的农户;住房转让时,宅基地使用权一并转让。禁止城镇居民在农村购置宅基地。村民依照规定转让宅基地使用权的不得再申请宅基地。

草案同时规定,农户占有的宅基地面积应当符合规定的标准。一户只能拥有一处宅基地。宅基地使用权人未经依法批准,不得改变宅基地用途。

哪些财产可用于抵押

按照规定,债务人或者第三人有权处分的下列财产可以抵押:建筑物和其他土地附着物;建设用地使用权;抵押人依法承包并经发包方同意抵押的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等荒地的土地使用权;交通工具等。

此外,草案还在我国现行抵押制度基础上有所突破,规定正在建造的建筑物、船舶、飞行器也可用于抵押。经当事人书面协议,企业、个体工商户、农村承包经营户可以将现有的以及将来拥有的动产抵押,债务人不履行债务时,债权人有权就约定实现抵押权时的动产优先受偿。

草案同时规定,土地所有权,耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集体所有的土地使用权,学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体的教育设施、医疗卫生设施和其他社会公益设施等不得抵押。

如何保护特殊人群居住权

草案规定,所谓居住权,是指居住权人对他人享有所有权的住房及其附属设施享有占有、使用的权利。设立居住权,可以根据遗嘱或者遗赠,也可以按照合同约定。设立居住权,应当向登记机构申请居住权登记。居住权人应当承担住房及其附属设施的日常维护费用和物业管理费用,可以不支付住房使用费,不承担重大维修费用,但遗嘱、遗赠另有表示或者合同另有约定的除外;居住权设立后,住房所有权人变更的,不影响居住权。

关于居住权的期限,草案规定,期限根据遗嘱、遗赠或者合同确定;无法确定的,成年居住权人的居住权期限至其死亡时止,未成年居住权人的居住权期限至其独立生活时止。因住房灭失,住房所有权人获得赔偿金的,应当给予居住权人适当补偿;没有独立生活能力的居住权人,也可以放弃补偿,要求适当安置。

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