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File: coreutils.info, Node: realpath invocation, Prev: mktemp invocation, Up: File name manipulation
18.5 'realpath': Print the resolved file name.
==============================================
'realpath' expands all symbolic links and resolves references to '/./',
'/../' and extra '/' characters. By default, all but the last component
of the specified files must exist. Synopsis:
realpath [OPTION]... FILE...
The file name canonicalization functionality overlaps with that of
the 'readlink' command. This is the preferred command for
canonicalization as it's a more suitable and standard name. In addition
this command supports relative file name processing functionality.
The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common
options::.
'-e'
'--canonicalize-existing'
Ensure that all components of the specified file names exist. If
any component is missing or unavailable, 'realpath' will output a
diagnostic unless the '-q' option is specified, and exit with a
nonzero exit code. A trailing slash requires that the name resolve
to a directory.
'-m'
'--canonicalize-missing'
If any component of a specified file name is missing or
unavailable, treat it as a directory.
'-L'
'--logical'
Symbolic links are resolved in the specified file names, but they
are resolved after any subsequent '..' components are processed.
'-P'
'--physical'
Symbolic links are resolved in the specified file names, and they
are resolved before any subsequent '..' components are processed.
This is the default mode of operation.
'-q'
'--quiet'
Suppress diagnostic messages for specified file names.
'--relative-to=DIR'
Print the resolved file names relative to the specified directory.
Note this option honors the '-m' and '-e' options pertaining to
file existence.
'--relative-base=DIR'
Print the resolved file names as relative _if_ the files are
descendants of DIR. Otherwise, print the resolved file names as
absolute. Note this option honors the '-m' and '-e' options
pertaining to file existence. For details about combining
'--relative-to' and '--relative-base', *note Realpath usage
examples::.
'-s'
'--strip'
'--no-symlinks'
Do not resolve symbolic links. Only resolve references to '/./',
'/../' and remove extra '/' characters. When combined with the
'-m' option, realpath operates only on the file name, and does not
touch any actual file.
'-z'
'--zero'
Output a zero byte (ASCII NUL) at the end of each line, rather than
a newline. This option enables other programs to parse the output
even when that output would contain data with embedded newlines.
Exit status:
0 if all file names were printed without issue.
1 otherwise.
* Menu:
* Realpath usage examples:: Realpath usage examples.
File: coreutils.info, Node: Realpath usage examples, Up: realpath invocation
18.5.1 Realpath usage examples
------------------------------
By default, 'realpath' prints the absolute file name of given files
(symlinks are resolved, 'words' is resolved to 'american-english'):
cd /home/user
realpath /usr/bin/sort /tmp/foo /usr/share/dict/words 1.txt
=> /usr/bin/sort
=> /tmp/foo
=> /usr/share/dict/american-english
=> /home/user/1.txt
With '--relative-to', file names are printed relative to the given
directory:
realpath --relative-to=/usr/bin \
/usr/bin/sort /tmp/foo /usr/share/dict/words 1.txt
=> sort
=> ../../tmp/foo
=> ../share/dict/american-english
=> ../../home/user/1.txt
With '--relative-base', relative file names are printed _if_ the
resolved file name is below the given base directory. For files outside
the base directory absolute file names are printed:
realpath --relative-base=/usr \
/usr/bin/sort /tmp/foo /usr/share/dict/words 1.txt
=> bin/sort
=> /tmp/foo
=> share/dict/american-english
=> /home/user/1.txt
When both '--relative-to=DIR1' and '--relative-base=DIR2' are used,
file names are printed relative to DIR1 _if_ they are located below
DIR2. If the files are not below DIR2, they are printed as absolute
file names:
realpath --relative-to=/usr/bin --relative-base=/usr \
/usr/bin/sort /tmp/foo /usr/share/dict/words 1.txt
=> sort
=> /tmp/foo
=> ../share/dict/american-english
=> /home/user/1.txt
When both '--relative-to=DIR1' and '--relative-base=DIR2' are used,
DIR1 _must_ be a subdirectory of DIR2. Otherwise, 'realpath' prints
absolutes file names.
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