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File: coreutils.info, Node: rm invocation, Next: shred invocation, Prev: mv invocation, Up: Basic operations
11.5 'rm': Remove files or directories
======================================
'rm' removes each given FILE. By default, it does not remove
directories. Synopsis:
rm [OPTION]... [FILE]...
If the '-I' or '--interactive=once' option is given, and there are
more than three files or the '-r', '-R', or '--recursive' are given,
then 'rm' prompts the user for whether to proceed with the entire
operation. If the response is not affirmative, the entire command is
aborted.
Otherwise, if a file is unwritable, standard input is a terminal, and
the '-f' or '--force' option is not given, or the '-i' or
'--interactive=always' option _is_ given, 'rm' prompts the user for
whether to remove the file. If the response is not affirmative, the
file is skipped.
Any attempt to remove a file whose last file name component is '.' or
'..' is rejected without any prompting, as mandated by POSIX.
_Warning_: If you use 'rm' to remove a file, it is usually possible
to recover the contents of that file. If you want more assurance that
the contents are unrecoverable, consider using 'shred'.
The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common
options::.
'-d'
'--dir'
Remove the listed directories if they are empty.
'-f'
'--force'
Ignore nonexistent files and missing operands, and never prompt the
user. Ignore any previous '--interactive' ('-i') option.
'-i'
Prompt whether to remove each file. If the response is not
affirmative, the file is skipped. Ignore any previous '--force'
('-f') option. Equivalent to '--interactive=always'.
'-I'
Prompt once whether to proceed with the command, if more than three
files are named or if a recursive removal is requested. Ignore any
previous '--force' ('-f') option. Equivalent to
'--interactive=once'.
'--interactive [=WHEN]'
Specify when to issue an interactive prompt. WHEN may be omitted,
or one of:
* never - Do not prompt at all.
* once - Prompt once if more than three files are named or if a
recursive removal is requested. Equivalent to '-I'.
* always - Prompt for every file being removed. Equivalent to
'-i'.
'--interactive' with no WHEN is equivalent to
'--interactive=always'.
'--one-file-system'
When removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any directory that is
on a file system different from that of the corresponding command
line argument. This option is useful when removing a build
"chroot" hierarchy, which normally contains no valuable data.
However, it is not uncommon to bind-mount '/home' into such a
hierarchy, to make it easier to use one's start-up file. The catch
is that it's easy to forget to unmount '/home'. Then, when you use
'rm -rf' to remove your normally throw-away chroot, that command
will remove everything under '/home', too. Use the
'--one-file-system' option, and it will warn about and skip
directories on other file systems. Of course, this will not save
your '/home' if it and your chroot happen to be on the same file
system. See also '--preserve-root=all' to protect command line
arguments themselves.
'--preserve-root [=all]'
Fail upon any attempt to remove the root directory, '/', when used
with the '--recursive' option. This is the default behavior.
*Note Treating / specially::. When 'all' is specified, reject any
command line argument that is not on the same file system as its
parent.
'--no-preserve-root'
Do not treat '/' specially when removing recursively. This option
is not recommended unless you really want to remove all the files
on your computer. *Note Treating / specially::.
'-r'
'-R'
'--recursive'
Remove the listed directories and their contents recursively.
'-v'
'--verbose'
Print the name of each file before removing it.
One common question is how to remove files whose names begin with a
'-'. GNU 'rm', like every program that uses the 'getopt' function to
parse its arguments, lets you use the '--' option to indicate that all
following arguments are non-options. To remove a file called '-f' in
the current directory, you could type either:
rm -- -f
or:
rm ./-f
The Unix 'rm' program's use of a single '-' for this purpose predates
the development of the 'getopt' standard syntax.
An exit status of zero indicates success, and a nonzero value
indicates failure.
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