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ANVIL(8postfix) ANVIL(8postfix)
NAME
anvil - Postfix session count and request rate control
SYNOPSIS
anvil [generic Postfix daemon options]
DESCRIPTION
The Postfix anvil(8) server maintains statistics about client connection counts or client
request rates. This information can be used to defend against clients that hammer a server
with either too many simultaneous sessions, or with too many successive requests within a
configurable time interval. This server is designed to run under control by the Postfix
master(8) server.
In the following text, ident specifies a (service, client) combination. The exact syntax
of that information is application-dependent; the anvil(8) server does not care.
CONNECTION COUNT/RATE CONTROL
To register a new connection send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=connect
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of simultaneous connections and the number of
connections per unit time for the (service, client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
count=number
rate=number
To register a disconnect event send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=disconnect
ident=string
The anvil(8) server replies with:
status=0
MESSAGE RATE CONTROL
To register a message delivery request send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=message
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of message delivery requests per unit time for
the (service, client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
rate=number
RECIPIENT RATE CONTROL
To register a recipient request send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=recipient
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of recipient addresses per unit time for the
(service, client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
rate=number
TLS SESSION NEGOTIATION RATE CONTROL
The features described in this section are available with Postfix 2.3 and later.
To register a request for a new (i.e. not cached) TLS session send the following request
to the anvil(8) server:
request=newtls
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of new TLS session requests per unit time for
the (service, client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
rate=number
To retrieve new TLS session request rate information without updating the counter informa-
tion, send:
request=newtls_report
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of new TLS session requests per unit time for
the (service, client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
rate=number
AUTH RATE CONTROL
To register an AUTH request send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=auth
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of auth requests per unit time for the (ser-
vice, client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
rate=number
SECURITY
The anvil(8) server does not talk to the network or to local users, and can run chrooted
at fixed low privilege.
The anvil(8) server maintains an in-memory table with information about recent clients re-
quests. No persistent state is kept because standard system library routines are not suf-
ficiently robust for update-intensive applications.
Although the in-memory state is kept only temporarily, this may require a lot of memory on
systems that handle connections from many remote clients. To reduce memory usage, reduce
the time unit over which state is kept.
DIAGNOSTICS
Problems and transactions are logged to syslogd(8) or postlogd(8).
Upon exit, and every anvil_status_update_time seconds, the server logs the maximal count
and rate values measured, together with (service, client) information and the time of day
associated with those events. In order to avoid unnecessary overhead, no measurements are
done for activity that isn't concurrency limited or rate limited.
BUGS
Systems behind network address translating routers or proxies appear to have the same
client address and can run into connection count and/or rate limits falsely.
In this preliminary implementation, a count (or rate) limited server process can have only
one remote client at a time. If a server process reports multiple simultaneous clients,
state is kept only for the last reported client.
The anvil(8) server automatically discards client request information after it expires.
To prevent the anvil(8) server from discarding client request rate information too early
or too late, a rate limited service should always register connect/disconnect events even
when it does not explicitly limit them.
CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
On low-traffic mail systems, changes to main.cf are picked up automatically as anvil(8)
processes run for only a limited amount of time. On other mail systems, use the command
"postfix reload" to speed up a change.
The text below provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details includ-
ing examples.
anvil_rate_time_unit (60s)
The time unit over which client connection rates and other rates are calculated.
anvil_status_update_time (600s)
How frequently the anvil(8) connection and rate limiting server logs peak usage in-
formation.
config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.
daemon_timeout (18000s)
How much time a Postfix daemon process may take to handle a request before it is
terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.
ipc_timeout (3600s)
The time limit for sending or receiving information over an internal communication
channel.
max_idle (100s)
The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process waits for an incom-
ing connection before terminating voluntarily.
max_use (100)
The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon process will ser-
vice before terminating voluntarily.
process_id (read-only)
The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
process_name (read-only)
The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
syslog_facility (mail)
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that, for ex-
ample, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
Available in Postfix 3.3 and later:
service_name (read-only)
The master.cf service name of a Postfix daemon process.
SEE ALSO
smtpd(8), Postfix SMTP server
postconf(5), configuration parameters
master(5), generic daemon options
README FILES
Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
TUNING_README, performance tuning
LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
HISTORY
The anvil service is available in Postfix 2.2 and later.
AUTHOR(S)
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
Wietse Venema
Google, Inc.
111 8th Avenue
New York, NY 10011, USA
ANVIL(8postfix)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
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