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CAPSH(1) User Commands CAPSH(1)
NAME
capsh - capability shell wrapper
SYNOPSIS
capsh [OPTION]...
DESCRIPTION
Linux capability support and use can be explored and constrained with this tool. This tool
provides a handy wrapper for certain types of capability testing and environment creation.
It also provides some debugging features useful for summarizing capability state.
OPTIONS
capsh takes a number of optional arguments, acting on them in the order they are provided.
They are as follows:
--help Display the list of commands supported by capsh.
--print
Display prevailing capability and related state.
-- [args]
Execute /bin/bash with trailing arguments. Note, you can use -c 'command to exe-
cute' for specific commands.
== Execute capsh again with the remaining arguments. Useful for testing exec() behav-
ior.
--caps=cap-set
Set the prevailing process capabilities to those specified by cap-set. Where cap-
set is a text-representation of capability state as per cap_from_text(3).
--drop=cap-list
Remove the listed capabilities from the prevailing bounding set. The capabilities
are a comma-separated list of capabilities as recognized by the cap_from_name(3)
function. Use of this feature requires that capsh is operating with CAP_SETPCAP in
its effective set.
--inh=cap-list
Set the inheritable set of capabilities for the current process to equal those pro-
vided in the comma separated list. For this action to succeed, the prevailing
process should already have each of these capabilities in the union of the current
inheritable and permitted capability sets, or capsh should be operating with
CAP_SETPCAP in its effective set.
--user=username
Assume the identity of the named user. That is, look up the user's UID and GID with
getpwuid(3) and their group memberships with getgrouplist(3) and set them all using
cap_setuid(3) and cap_setgroups(3). Following this command, the effective capabil-
ities will be cleared, but the permitted set will not be, so the running program is
still privileged.
--modes
Lists all of the libcap modes supported by --mode.
--mode=<mode>
Force the program into a cap_set_mode(3) security mode. This is a set of securebits
and prevailing capability arrangement recommended for its pre-determined security
stance.
--inmode=<mode>
Confirm that the prevailing mode is that specified in <mode>, or exit with a status
1.
--uid=id
Force all UID values to equal id using the setuid(2) system call. This argument may
require explicit preparation of the effective set.
--cap-uid=<uid>
use the cap_setuid(3) function to set the UID of the current process. This performs
all preparations for setting the UID without dropping capabilities in the process.
Following this command the prevailing effective capabilities will be lowered.
--is-uid=<id>
Exit with status 1 unless the current UID equals <id>.
--gid=<id>
Force all GID values to equal id using the setgid(2) system call.
--is-gid=<id>
Exit with status 1 unless the current GIQ equals <id>.
--groups=<gid-list>
Set the supplementary groups to the numerical list provided. The groups are set
with the setgroups(2) system call. See --user for a more convenient way of doing
this.
--keep=<0|1>
In a non-pure capability mode, the kernel provides liberal privilege to the super-
user. However, it is normally the case that when the super-user changes UID to some
lesser user, then capabilities are dropped. For these situations, the kernel can
permit the process to retain its capabilities after a setuid(2) system call. This
feature is known as keep-caps support. The way to activate it using this program is
with this argument. Setting the value to 1 will cause keep-caps to be active. Set-
ting it to 0 will cause keep-caps to deactivate for the current process. In all
cases, keep-caps is deactivated when an exec() is performed. See --secbits for ways
to disable this feature.
--secbits=N
Set the security-bits for the program. This is done using the prctl(2) PR_SET_SE-
CUREBITS operation. The list of supported bits and their meaning can be found in
the <sys/secbits.h> header file. The program will list these bits via the --print
command. The argument is expressed as a numeric bitmask, in any of the formats
permitted by strtoul(3).
--chroot=path
Execute the chroot(2) system call with the new root-directory (/) equal to path.
This operation requires CAP_SYS_CHROOT to be in effect.
--forkfor=sec
This command causes the program to fork a child process for so many seconds. The
child will sleep that long and then exit with status 0. The purpose of this command
is to support exploring the way processes are killable in the face of capability
changes. See the --killit command. Only one fork can be active at a time.
--killit=sig
This commands causes a --forkfor child to be kill(2)d with the specified signal.
The command then waits for the child to exit. If the exit status does not match
the signal being used to kill it, the capsh program exits with status 1.
--decode=N
This is a convenience feature. If you look at /proc/1/status there are some capa-
bility related fields of the following form:
CapInh: 0000000000000000
CapPrm: 0000003fffffffff
CapEff: 0000003fffffffff
CapBnd: 0000003fffffffff
CapAmb: 0000000000000000
This option provides a quick way to decode a capability vector represented in this
hexadecimal form. Here's an example that decodes the two lowest capability bits:
$ capsh --decode=3
0x0000000000000003=cap_chown,cap_dac_override
--supports=xxx
As the kernel evolves, more capabilities are added. This option can be used to ver-
ify the existence of a capability on the system. For example, --supports=cap_syslog
will cause capsh to promptly exit with a status of 1 when run on kernel 2.6.27.
However, when run on kernel 2.6.38 it will silently succeed.
--has-p=xxx
Exit with status 1 unless the permitted vector has capability xxx raised.
--has-ambient
Performs a check to see if the running kernel supports ambient capabilities. If
not, capsh exits with status 1.
--has-a=xxx
Exit with status 1 unless the ambient vector has capability xxx raised.
--addamb=xxx
Adds the specified ambient capability to the running process.
--delamb=xxx
Removes the specified ambient capability from the running process.
--noamb
Drops all ambient capabilities from the running process.
EXIT STATUS
Following successful execution, capsh exits with status 0. Following an error, capsh imme-
diately exits with status 1.
AUTHOR
Written by Andrew G. Morgan <morgan AT kernel.org>.
REPORTING BUGS
Please report bugs via:
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/buglist.cgi?component=libcap&list_id=1047723&prod-
uct=Tools&resolution=---
SEE ALSO
libcap(3), getcap(8), setcap(8) and capabilities(7).
libcap 2 2020-01-07 CAPSH(1)
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