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NSENTER(1) User Commands NSENTER(1)
NAME
nsenter - run program in different namespaces
SYNOPSIS
nsenter [options] [program [arguments]]
DESCRIPTION
The nsenter command executes program in the namespace(s) that are specified in the
command-line options (described below). If program is not given, then "${SHELL}" is run
(default: /bin/sh).
Enterable namespaces are:
mount namespace
Mounting and unmounting filesystems will not affect the rest of the system, except for
filesystems which are explicitly marked as shared (with mount --make-shared; see
/proc/self/mountinfo for the shared flag). For further details, see
mount_namespaces(7) and the discussion of the CLONE_NEWNS flag in clone(2).
UTS namespace
Setting hostname or domainname will not affect the rest of the system. For further
details, see uts_namespaces(7).
IPC namespace
The process will have an independent namespace for POSIX message queues as well as
System V message queues, semaphore sets and shared memory segments. For further
details, see ipc_namespaces(7).
network namespace
The process will have independent IPv4 and IPv6 stacks, IP routing tables, firewall
rules, the /proc/net and /sys/class/net directory trees, sockets, etc. For further
details, see network_namespaces(7).
PID namespace
Children will have a set of PID to process mappings separate from the nsenter process.
nsenter will fork by default if changing the PID namespace, so that the new program
and its children share the same PID namespace and are visible to each other. If
--no-fork is used, the new program will be exec'ed without forking. For further
details, see pid_namespaces(7).
user namespace
The process will have a distinct set of UIDs, GIDs and capabilities. For further
details, see user_namespaces(7).
cgroup namespace
The process will have a virtualized view of /proc/self/cgroup, and new cgroup mounts
will be rooted at the namespace cgroup root. For further details, see
cgroup_namespaces(7).
time namespace
The process can have a distinct view of CLOCK_MONOTONIC and/or CLOCK_BOOTTIME which
can be changed using /proc/self/timens_offsets. For further details, see
time_namespaces(7).
OPTIONS
Various of the options below that relate to namespaces take an optional file argument.
This should be one of the /proc/[pid]/ns/* files described in namespaces(7), or the
pathname of a bind mount that was created on one of those files.
-a, --all
Enter all namespaces of the target process by the default /proc/[pid]/ns/* namespace
paths. The default paths to the target process namespaces may be overwritten by
namespace specific options (e.g., --all --mount=[path]).
The user namespace will be ignored if the same as the caller's current user namespace.
It prevents a caller that has dropped capabilities from regaining those capabilities
via a call to setns(). See setns(2) for more details.
-t, --target PID
Specify a target process to get contexts from. The paths to the contexts specified by
pid are:
/proc/pid/ns/mnt
the mount namespace
/proc/pid/ns/uts
the UTS namespace
/proc/pid/ns/ipc
the IPC namespace
/proc/pid/ns/net
the network namespace
/proc/pid/ns/pid
the PID namespace
/proc/pid/ns/user
the user namespace
/proc/pid/ns/cgroup
the cgroup namespace
/proc/pid/ns/time
the time namespace
/proc/pid/root
the root directory
/proc/pid/cwd
the working directory respectively
-m, --mount[=file]
Enter the mount namespace. If no file is specified, enter the mount namespace of the
target process. If file is specified, enter the mount namespace specified by file.
-u, --uts[=file]
Enter the UTS namespace. If no file is specified, enter the UTS namespace of the
target process. If file is specified, enter the UTS namespace specified by file.
-i, --ipc[=file]
Enter the IPC namespace. If no file is specified, enter the IPC namespace of the
target process. If file is specified, enter the IPC namespace specified by file.
-n, --net[=file]
Enter the network namespace. If no file is specified, enter the network namespace of
the target process. If file is specified, enter the network namespace specified by
file.
-p, --pid[=file]
Enter the PID namespace. If no file is specified, enter the PID namespace of the
target process. If file is specified, enter the PID namespace specified by file.
-U, --user[=file]
Enter the user namespace. If no file is specified, enter the user namespace of the
target process. If file is specified, enter the user namespace specified by file. See
also the --setuid and --setgid options.
-C, --cgroup[=file]
Enter the cgroup namespace. If no file is specified, enter the cgroup namespace of the
target process. If file is specified, enter the cgroup namespace specified by file.
-T, --time[=file]
Enter the time namespace. If no file is specified, enter the time namespace of the
target process. If file is specified, enter the time namespace specified by file.
-G, --setgid gid
Set the group ID which will be used in the entered namespace and drop supplementary
groups. nsenter always sets GID for user namespaces, the default is 0.
-S, --setuid uid
Set the user ID which will be used in the entered namespace. nsenter always sets UID
for user namespaces, the default is 0.
--preserve-credentials
Don't modify UID and GID when enter user namespace. The default is to drops
supplementary groups and sets GID and UID to 0.
-r, --root[=directory]
Set the root directory. If no directory is specified, set the root directory to the
root directory of the target process. If directory is specified, set the root
directory to the specified directory.
-w, --wd[=directory]
Set the working directory. If no directory is specified, set the working directory to
the working directory of the target process. If directory is specified, set the
working directory to the specified directory.
-F, --no-fork
Do not fork before exec'ing the specified program. By default, when entering a PID
namespace, nsenter calls fork before calling exec so that any children will also be in
the newly entered PID namespace.
-Z, --follow-context
Set the SELinux security context used for executing a new process according to already
running process specified by --target PID. (The util-linux has to be compiled with
SELinux support otherwise the option is unavailable.)
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
AUTHORS
Eric Biederman <biederm AT xmission.com>, Karel Zak <kzak AT redhat.com>
SEE ALSO
clone(2), setns(2), namespaces(7)
REPORTING BUGS
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at https://github.com/karelzak/util-linux/issues.
AVAILABILITY
The nsenter command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded from Linux
Kernel Archive <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.
util-linux 2.37.2 2021-06-02 NSENTER(1)
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