2008年10月，因美国《商业周刊》专栏作家丹尼尔•葛洛斯(Daniel Gross)提出“星巴克分店指数”理论——一个国家星巴克连锁分店愈多，受金融危机伤害的程度愈高——指数营销再次成为人们谈论的热门话题。

指数营销诞生于1986 年。那年9 月，英国《经济学人》杂志首次发布“巨无霸指数”(Big Mac Index)，试图以麦当劳行销全球120个国家的汉堡包——巨无霸为标的，考察用当地货币购买这同一产品需要多少钱，从而衡量这些国家的汇率是否处在“合理”水平。

不想，虽非什么公认的经济学理论，却因为其构思奇特与通俗易懂，一经推出就反响强烈，得到不少经济分析人士的认可，引得各国媒体竞相报道，为麦当劳赢得了巨大的品牌知名度。真可谓是无心插柳柳成荫。英语国家里甚至由此衍生出Burgernomics(汉堡包经济) 一词。

1997 年，《经济学人》再接再厉，又推出了一份“可口可乐地图”，通过每个国家的人均可乐饮用量来比较国与国间的财富。可乐饮用量越多，国家就越富有。这在当时也引起了一阵话题讨论，范围广至亚非拉美各个国家。

在推出“巨无霸指数”的17 年后，为了便于与“巨无霸指数”进行比较，判断不同产品的汇率走势是否相同，《经济学人》于2004 年1 月推出了“中杯拿铁咖啡指数”(Tall Latte index)。但是，由于有星巴克的国家都有麦当劳，而有麦当劳的不见得有星巴克，涵盖国家不够广阔，“中杯拿铁指数”的影响力远不及巨无霸指数。

时代变换，高科技产业蓬勃兴起，指数体系的标的自然也应有所不同。于是，2006年，美国《商业周刊》适时地推出苹果“iPod Nano”指数，由澳洲联邦银行结合苹果最新款iPod Nano MP3的市场售价来比较26 个国家的货币购买力，以反映出全球消费文化的变迁。

从麦当劳的巨无霸到星巴克的拿铁咖啡，再到苹果iPod，风头正旺的全球品牌们都努力把自己的产品打造成测量世界的尺子，以引起更广泛的话题。这被称做指数营销。即便在国内，必胜客也于2007 年10 月推出了“必胜客指数”，以店面经营情况为中国各城市消费力及城市活力排行，甚至成了那些排名靠前的城市政府网站的头版头标，作为其城市建设成就的一大证明。

更多精彩阅读

• February 16, 2009 -- 地铁剧营销：吸引你在上班的路上
• November 24, 2008 -- Best Global Brands教你经济衰退期品牌之道
• March 5, 2009 -- Aldo Shoes：公益也是一项好投资
• March 3, 2009 -- MONOCLE：杂志跨界开商店
• February 27, 2009 -- 星巴克速溶咖啡：扭转乾坤，还是自甘堕落？
• February 26, 2009 -- 健怡可乐：遭遇不景气，饮料瓶也时尚
• February 25, 2009 -- MillerCoors：一秒广告打造品牌差异化
• February 23, 2009 -- Robert Passikoff：2009不可不知的九大营销趋势
• February 19, 2009 -- 《滚石》们的新尝试：让广告与读者开始互动
• February 17, 2009 -- 性感超市MPREIS：打造独特的购物体验

If you were interviewing to work at Percona, and I asked you “what does Using filesort mean in EXPLAIN,” what would you say?

I have asked this question in a bunch of interviews so far, with smart people, and not one person has gotten it right. So I consider it to be a bad interview question, and I’m going to put the answer here. If anyone gets it wrong from now on, I know they don’t read this blog!

The usual answer is something like “rows are being placed into a temporary table which is too big to fit in memory, so it gets sorted on disk.” Unfortunately, this is not the same thing. First of all, this is Using temporary. Secondly, temporary tables may go to disk if they are too big, but EXPLAIN doesn’t show that. (If I interview you, I might ask you what “too big” means, or I might ask you the other reason temporary tables go to disk!)

The truth is, filesort is badly named. Anytime a sort can’t be performed from an index, it’s a filesort. It has nothing to do with files. Filesort should be called “sort.” It is quicksort at heart.

If the sort is bigger than the sort buffer, it is performed a bit at a time, and then the chunks are merge-sorted to produce the final sorted output. There is a lot more to it than this. I refer you to Sergey Petrunia’s article on How MySQL executes ORDER BY. You can also read about it in our book, but if you read Sergey’s article you won’t need to.

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Entry posted by Baron Schwartz | No comment

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After some sprint coding and testing I am more than happy to declare Xtrabackup getting into alpha stage. And alpha means more that we have some dirty hacks in code / not fully scripted builds / not fully tested all MySQL versions, but backups work just fine! I am able to backup our production box and restore it!

As there were some questions how xtrabackup works, let me explain it: it is supposed to be online, non-blocking backup solution for InnoDB / XtraDB engines for MySQL 5.0 / 5.1 versions. Currently we tested only for 5.0.75 / 5.0.77 and it works just fine. We also modified innobackup script ( thanks InnoDB for making it GPL), so it can be used to backup of MyISAM tables also.

Beside standard –backup and –prepare options we have implemented –throttle to limit IO activity during backup, so we do not hurt production box by intensive file copying operations.

As for now it is available only in source code version on Launchpad lp:~percona-dev/percona-xtrabackup/alpha-0.2 , after some polishing and more testing we will prepare binary builds. Test it if you can and send us feedback. Enjoy!

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Entry posted by Vadim | No comment

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APNIC是管理亚太地区IP地址分配的机构，它有着丰富准确的IP地址分配库，同时这些信息也是对外公开的！下面就让我们看看如何在Linux下获得一些电信运营商的IP地址分配情况：

完成上述编译安装工作后，我们开始获取IP地址段；

中国网通：

中国电信：

中国铁通：

打开获取后的文件可以看到里面的信息非常详细，甚至可以看到各个分公司的负责人、电话、电子邮件等等信息。如果想得到一份整齐干净的IP地址段文件，只要用grep和awk简单过滤就可以了。

过滤提取IP段

中国网通：

中国电信：

中国铁通：

其中已经包括了全国电信级网通和铁通IP地址分配段

[广东ip段北京网通ip段,辽宁ip段,网通ip段北京ip段,电信ip段,浙江ip段,湖南ip段,广东电信ip段,浙江电信ip段,中国ip段,山东网通ip段,山东ip段,广州ip段,福建ip段,上海电信ip段,铁通ip段,广西ip段,
太原ip段,辽宁网通ip段,北京电信ip段,adsl ip段,广东省ip段,河北ip段,黑龙江网通ip段,上海ip段,山西ip段,四川ip段,江西ip段,
河北网通ip段,四川电信ip段,广州电信ip段,广西电信ip段,广东电信adsl的ip段,服务器ip段,地区ip段,中国网通ip段,联通ip段,公网ip段,成都ip段,河南ip段,厦门ip段,
大连ip段,贵州ip段,陕西ip段,广州adsl ip段,济南ip段,电信adsl ip段,福州的ip段,河南网通ip段,黑龙江ip段,山东省ip段,四川网通ip段]

国外IP段如[美国ip段,韩国ip段,,日本ip段,最新美国ip段,日本的ip段,]请到http://ftp.apnic.net/ 上查询
Tags - apnic , 电信 , 网通 , 铁通 , ip