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Date::Manip::Examples(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Date::Manip::Examples(3pm)
NAME
Date::Manip::Examples - examples of how to use Date::Manip
DESCRIPTION
This document includes a number of examples on how to do common Date::Manip operations. I
will be happy to add new examples over time, and welcome suggestions and examples to
include.
In most cases, an example will include two different ways of getting the answer. The
first way will be using the new (as of 6.00) OO modules. The second will be using the old-
style functional interface.
It should be noted that any time you want to work with alternate time zones, the OO
interface is STRONGLY recommended since the functional interface does not preserve time
zone information with the date, and may therefore give incorrect results in some cases.
However, working in the time zone of the system should give correct results.
It should be noted that, in the examples below, it appears that the OO method often
requires more lines of code than the functional interface. There are a number of ways to
shorten the OO method, but for the examples, I wanted to include all the steps explicitly.
PARSING A DATE
Dates can be parsed in practically any form in common usage:
OO method
$date = new Date::Manip::Date;
$err = $date->parse("today");
$err = $date->parse("1st Thursday in June 1992");
$err = $date->parse("05/10/93");
$err = $date->parse("12:30 Dec 12th 1880");
$err = $date->parse("8:00pm December tenth");
Functional
$date = ParseDate("today");
$date = ParseDate("1st Thursday in June 1992");
$date = ParseDate("05/10/93");
$date = ParseDate("12:30 Dec 12th 1880");
$date = ParseDate("8:00pm December tenth");
The Date::Manip::Date manual has a list of all valid formats.
PARSING AN AMOUNT OF TIME
Amounts of time (referred to as deltas) can also be parsed:
OO method
$delta = new Date::Manip::Delta;
$err = $delta->parse("in 12 hours");
$err = $delta->parse("-1:30:0");
$err = $delta->parse("4 business days later");
Functional
$delta = ParseDateDelta("in 12 hours");
$delta = ParseDateDelta("-1:30:0");
$delta = ParseDateDelta("4 business days later");
TO CALCULATE THE AMOUNT OF TIME BETWEEN TWO DATES
$datestr1 = "Jan 30 1999 13:00 EST";
$datestr2 = "2/Mar/1999 15:30:00 +0500";
OO method
$date1 = new Date::Manip::Date;
$date2 = $date1->new_date();
$err = $date1->parse($datestr1);
$err = $date2->parse($datestr2);
To get an exact amount of time between the two dates (expressed only in terms of
hours, minutes, seconds), use:
$delta = $date1->calc($date2);
To get an approximate amount of time (expressed in terms of years, months, weeks, etc.
in terms that a human would typically think of), use:
$delta = $date1->calc($date2,"approx");
Functional
$date1 = ParseDate($string1);
$date2 = ParseDate($string2);
To get an exact amount:
$delta = DateCalc($date1,$date2);
and the approximate amount:
$delta = DateCalc($date1,$date2,1);
The Date::Manip::Calc manual has information about these, and other types of calculations.
TO ADD AN AMOUNT OF TIME TO A DATE
To find a second date a given amount of time before or after a first date, use the
following:
$datestr = "Jan 30 1999 13:00 EST";
$deltastr = "12 hours ago";
$deltastr = "in 3 business days";
OO method
$date = new Date::Manip::Date;
$delta = $date->new_delta();
$date->parse($datestr);
$delta->parse($deltastr);
$d = $date->calc($delta);
Functional
$date = DateCalc($datestr,$deltastr);
If the delta is a business delta, it will do a business mode calculation.
The Date::Manip::Calc manual has information about these, and other types of calculations.
COMPARE TWO DATES
To take two different dates and see which is earlier, do the following:
$datestr1 = "Jan 30 1999 13:00 EST";
$datestr2 = "2/Mar/1999 15:30:00 +0500";
OO method
$date1 = new Date::Manip::Date;
$date2 = $date1->new_date;
$date1->parse($datestr1);
$date2->parse($datestr2);
$date1->cmp($date2);
=> -1, 0, 1
Functional
$date1 = ParseDate($datestr1);
$date2 = ParseDate($datestr2);
Date_Cmp($date1,$date2);
=> -1, 0, 1
TO EXTRACT INFORMATION ABOUT A DATE OR DELTA
If you have a date or a delta, you can extract information about them as follows:
$datestr = "1:24:08 PM EST Feb 3, 1996";
$deltastr = "12 hours ago";
OO method
$date = new Date::Manip::Date;
$delta = $date->new_delta();
$date->parse($datestr);
$delta->parse($deltastr);
$str = $date->printf("It is now %T on %b %e, %Y.");
=> "It is now 13:24:08 on Feb 3, 1996."
$str = $delta->printf("In %hv hours, %mv minutes, %sv seconds");
=> "In -12 hours, 0 minutes, 0 seconds";
Functional
$str = UnixDate($datestr,"It is now %T on %b %e, %Y.");
=> "It is now 13:24:08 on Feb 3, 1996."
$str = Delta_Format($deltastr,"In %hv hours, %mv minutes, %sv seconds");
=> "In -12 hours, 0 minutes, 0 seconds";
The Date::Manip::Date manual contains all of the format codes that can be used to extract
information from a date. The Date::Manip::Delta manual contains the codes for a delta.
WORKING WITH EPOCH
Date::Manip can easily be used to work with the number of seconds since the epoch (Jan 1,
1970 00:00:00 UTC).
If you have a date, and you want to find out how many seconds it is after the epoch, you
can do it in the following ways:
$datestr = "1999-04-30-15:30:00 EDT";
$secs = 1234567;
OO method
To find out how many seconds have elapsed on a certain date, you can do the following:
$date = new Date::Manip::Date;
$err = $date->parse($datestr);
$str = $date->printf('%s');
=> number of seconds
To find out the date that is a certain number of seconds since the epoch, you can use
the following:
$date = new Date::Manip::Date;
$err = $date->parse("epoch $secs");
$date now contains the date wanted (in the local time zone)
Functional
To find out how many seconds have elapsed:
$str = UnixDate($datestr,'%s');
=> number of seconds
To find the date that is a number of seconds since the epoch:
$date = ParseDateString("epoch $secs");
Note that Date::Manip will work with both positive seconds (for dates that have come since
the epoch) and negative seconds (for dates that occurred before the epoch).
RECURRING EVENTS
To find a list of dates where a recurring event happens (even very complex recurrences),
do the following:
OO method
# To find the 2nd Tuesday of every month from Jan 1 1999 to Apr 30 1999
$recur = new Date::Manip::Recur;
$start = $recur->new_date();
$end = $recur->new_date();
$start->parse("Jan 1 1999");
$end->parse("Apr 30 1999");
$recur->parse("0:1*2:2:0:0:0",$start,$end);
@date = $recur->dates();
# To find the Monday after Easter in 1997-1999
$recur = new Date::Manip::Recur;
$recur->parse("*1997-1999:0:0:0:0:0:0*EASTER,ND1");
@date = $recur->dates();
Functional
# To find the 2nd Tuesday of every month from Jan 1 1999 to Apr 30 1999
@date = ParseRecur("0:1*2:2:0:0:0","","Jan 1 1999","Apr 30 1999");
# To find the Monday after Easter in 1997-1999.
@date = ParseRecur("*1997-1999:0:0:0:0:0:0*EASTER,ND1");
The Date::Manip::Recur manual contains information about recurring events.
WORKING WITH DATES IN ANOTHER LANGUAGE
If you want to work with dates in a language other than English (but you are only working
with a single language), do the following:
OO method
$date = new Date::Manip::Date;
$date->config("Language","French","DateFormat","non-US");
$date->parse("1er decembre 1990");
Functional
Date_Init("Language=French","DateFormat=non-US");
$date = ParseDate("1er decembre 1990");
The Date::Manip::Config manual has a list of all supported languages (in the section on
the Language config variable). The meaning of the DateFormat config variable is also
included.
WORKING WITH TWO DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
If you want to work with dates in two (or more) languages, it is STRONGLY recommended that
you use the OO interface. The functional interface will be much slower since it has to re-
initialize a lot of language-specific stuff every time you switch back and forth between
languages.
OO method
$date_eng = new Date::Manip::Date;
$date_eng->config("Language","English","DateFormat","US");
$date_fre = new Date::Manip::Date;
$date_fre->config("Language","French","DateFormat","non-US");
Use the $date_eng object to do English operations, the $date_fre object to do French
operations.
Functional
If you are working with both French and English dates, you can call the following to
switch between them:
Date_Init("Language=French","DateFormat=non-US");
Date_Init("Language=English","DateFormat=US");
This is NOT recommended. Use the OO method instead.
BUGS AND QUESTIONS
Please refer to the Date::Manip::Problems documentation for information on submitting bug
reports or questions to the author.
SEE ALSO
Date::Manip - main module documentation
LICENSE
This script is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
terms as Perl itself.
AUTHOR
Sullivan Beck (sbeck AT cpan.org)
perl v5.32.1 2021-11-20 Date::Manip::Examples(3pm)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
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