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Mail::Message::Field::Full(3pm)User Contributed Perl DocumentationMail::Message::Field::Full(3pm)
NAME
Mail::Message::Field::Full - construct one smart line in a message header
INHERITANCE
Mail::Message::Field::Full
is a Mail::Message::Field
is a Mail::Reporter
Mail::Message::Field::Full is extended by
Mail::Message::Field::Structured
Mail::Message::Field::Unstructured
SYNOPSIS
# Getting to understand the complexity of a header field ...
my $fast = $msg->head->get('subject');
my $full = Mail::Message::Field::Full->from($fast);
my $full = $msg->head->get('subject')->study; # same
my $full = $msg->head->study('subject'); # same
my $full = $msg->study('subject'); # same
# ... or build a complex header field yourself
my $f = Mail::Message::Field::Full->new('To');
my $f = Mail::Message::Field::Full->new('Subject: hi!');
my $f = Mail::Message::Field::Full->new(Subject => 'hi!');
DESCRIPTION
This is the full implementation of a header field: it has full understanding of all
predefined header fields. These objects will be quite slow, because header fields can be
very complex. Of course, this class delivers the optimal result, but for a quite large
penalty in performance and memory consumption. Are you willing to accept?
This class supports the common header description from RFC2822 (formerly RFC822), the
extensions with respect to character set encodings as specified in RFC2047, and the
extensions on language specification and long parameter wrapping from RFC2231. If you do
not need the latter two, then the Mail::Message::Field::Fast and
Mail::Message::Field::Flex are enough for your application.
Extends "DESCRIPTION" in Mail::Message::Field.
OVERLOADED
Extends "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Field.
overload: ""
Inherited, see "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Field
overload: 0+
Inherited, see "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Field
overload: <=>
Inherited, see "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Field
overload: bool
Inherited, see "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Field
overload: cmp
Inherited, see "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Field
overload: stringification
In string context, the decoded body is returned, as if decodedBody() would have been
called.
METHODS
Extends "METHODS" in Mail::Message::Field.
Constructors
Extends "Constructors" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->clone()
Inherited, see "Constructors" in Mail::Message::Field
Mail::Message::Field::Full->from($field, %options)
Convert any $field (a Mail::Message::Field object) into a new
Mail::Message::Field::Full object. This conversion is done the hard way: the string
which is produced by the original object is parsed again. Usually, the string which
is parsed is exactly the line (or lines) as found in the original input source, which
is a good thing because Full fields are much more careful with the actual content.
%options are passed to the constructor (see new()). In any case, some extensions of
this Full field class is returned. It depends on which field is created what kind of
class we get.
example:
my $fast = $msg->head->get('subject');
my $full = Mail::Message::Field::Full->from($fast);
my $full = $msg->head->get('subject')->study; # same
my $full = $msg->head->study('subject'); # same
my $full = $msg->get('subject'); # same
Mail::Message::Field::Full->new($data)
Creating a new field object the correct way is a lot of work, because there is so much
freedom in the RFCs, but at the same time so many restrictions. Most fields are
implemented, but if you have your own field (and do no want to contribute it to
MailBox), then simply call new on your own package.
You have the choice to instantiate the object as string or in prepared parts:
o new LINE, OPTIONS
Pass a LINE as it could be found in a file: a (possibly folded) line which is
terminated by a new-line.
o new NAME, [BODY], OPTIONS
A set of values which shape the line.
The NAME is a wellformed header name (you may use wellformedName()) to be sure about
the casing. The BODY is a string, one object, or an ref-array of objects. In case of
objects, they must fit to the constructor of the field: the types which are accepted
may differ. The optional ATTRIBUTE list contains Mail::Message::Field::Attribute
objects. Finally, there are some OPTIONS.
-Option --Defined in --Default
charset undef
encoding 'q'
force false
language undef
log Mail::Reporter 'WARNINGS'
trace Mail::Reporter 'WARNINGS'
charset => STRING
The body is specified in utf8, and must become 7-bits ascii to be transmited.
Specify a charset to which the multi-byte utf8 is converted before it gets encoded.
See encode(), which does the job.
encoding => 'q'|'Q'|'b'|'B'
Non-ascii characters are encoded using Quoted-Printable ('q' or 'Q') or Base64 ('b'
or 'B') encoding.
force => BOOLEAN
Enforce encoding in the specified charset, even when it is not needed because the
body does not contain any non-ascii characters.
language => STRING
The language used can be specified, however is rarely used my mail clients.
log => LEVEL
trace => LEVEL
example:
my $s = Mail::Message::Field::Full->new('Subject: Hello World');
my $s = Mail::Message::Field::Full->new('Subject', 'Hello World');
my @attrs = (Mail::Message::Field::Attribute->new(...), ...);
my @options = (extra => 'the color blue');
my $t = Mail::Message::Field::Full->new(To => \@addrs, @attrs, @options);
The field
Extends "The field" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->isStructured()
Mail::Message::Field::Full->isStructured()
Inherited, see "The field" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->length()
Inherited, see "The field" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->nrLines()
Inherited, see "The field" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->print( [$fh] )
Inherited, see "The field" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->size()
Inherited, see "The field" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->string( [$wrap] )
Inherited, see "The field" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->toDisclose()
Inherited, see "The field" in Mail::Message::Field
Access to the name
Extends "Access to the name" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->Name()
Inherited, see "Access to the name" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->name()
Inherited, see "Access to the name" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->wellformedName( [STRING] )
Inherited, see "Access to the name" in Mail::Message::Field
Access to the body
Extends "Access to the body" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->body()
Inherited, see "Access to the body" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->decodedBody(%options)
Returns the unfolded body of the field, where encodings are resolved. The returned
line will still contain comments and such. The %options are passed to the decoder,
see decode().
BE WARNED: if the field is a structured field, the content may change syntax, because
of encapsulated special characters. By default, the body is decoded as text, which
results in a small difference within comments as well (read the RFC).
$obj->folded()
Inherited, see "Access to the body" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->foldedBody( [$body] )
Inherited, see "Access to the body" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->stripCFWS( [STRING] )
Mail::Message::Field::Full->stripCFWS( [STRING] )
Inherited, see "Access to the body" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->unfoldedBody( [$body, [$wrap]] )
Inherited, see "Access to the body" in Mail::Message::Field
Access to the content
Extends "Access to the content" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->addresses()
Inherited, see "Access to the content" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->attribute( $name, [$value] )
Inherited, see "Access to the content" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->attributes()
Inherited, see "Access to the content" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->beautify()
For structured header fields, this removes the original encoding of the field's body
(the format as it was offered to parse()), therefore the next request for the field
will have to re-produce the read data clean and nice. For unstructured bodies, this
method doesn't do a thing.
$obj->comment( [STRING] )
Inherited, see "Access to the content" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->createComment(STRING, %options)
Mail::Message::Field::Full->createComment(STRING, %options)
Create a comment to become part in a field. Comments are automatically included
within parenthesis. Matching pairs of parenthesis are permitted within the STRING.
When a non-matching parenthesis are used, it is only permitted with an escape (a
backslash) in front of them. These backslashes will be added automatically if needed
(don't worry!). Backslashes will stay, except at the end, where it will be doubled.
The %options are "charset", "language", and "encoding" as always. The created comment
is returned.
$obj->createPhrase(STRING, %options)
Mail::Message::Field::Full->createPhrase(STRING, %options)
A phrase is a text which plays a well defined role. This is the main difference with
comments, which have do specified meaning. Some special characters in the phrase will
cause it to be surrounded with double quotes: do not specify them yourself.
The %options are "charset", "language", and "encoding", as always.
$obj->study()
Inherited, see "Access to the content" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->toDate( [$time] )
Mail::Message::Field::Full->toDate( [$time] )
Inherited, see "Access to the content" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->toInt()
Inherited, see "Access to the content" in Mail::Message::Field
Other methods
Extends "Other methods" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->dateToTimestamp(STRING)
Mail::Message::Field::Full->dateToTimestamp(STRING)
Inherited, see "Other methods" in Mail::Message::Field
Internals
Extends "Internals" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->consume( $line | <$name,<$body|$objects>> )
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->decode(STRING, %options)
Mail::Message::Field::Full->decode(STRING, %options)
Decode field encoded STRING to an utf8 string. The input STRING is part of a header
field, and as such, may contain encoded words in "=?...?.?...?=" format defined by
RFC2047. The STRING may contain multiple encoded parts, maybe using different
character sets.
Be warned: you MUST first interpret the field into parts, like phrases and comments,
and then decode each part separately, otherwise the decoded text may interfere with
your markup characters.
Be warned: language information, which is defined in RFC2231, is ignored.
Encodings with unknown charsets are left untouched [requires v2.085, otherwise
croaked]. Unknown characters within an charset are replaced by a '?'.
-Option --Default
is_text 1
is_text => BOOLEAN
Encoding on text is slightly more complicated than encoding structured data, because
it contains blanks. Visible blanks have to be ignored between two encoded words in
the text, but not when an encoded word follows or precedes an unencoded word.
Phrases and comments are texts.
example:
print Mail::Message::Field::Full->decode('=?iso-8859-1?Q?J=F8rgen?=');
# prints JE<0slash>rgen
$obj->defaultWrapLength( [$length] )
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->encode(STRING, %options)
Encode the (possibly utf8 encoded) STRING to a string which is acceptable to the
RFC2047 definition of a header: only containing us-ascii characters.
-Option --Default
charset 'us-ascii'
encoding 'q'
force <flase>
language undef
name undef
charset => STRING
STRING is an utf8 string which has to be translated into any byte-wise character set
for transport, because MIME-headers can only contain ascii characters.
encoding => 'q'|'Q'|'b'|'B'
The character encoding to be used. With "q" or "Q", quoted-printable encoding will
be used. With "b " or "B ", base64 encoding will be taken.
force => BOOLEAN
Encode the string, even when it only contains us-ascii characters. By default, this
is off because it decreases readibility of the produced header fields.
language => STRING
RFC2231 defines how to specify language encodings in encoded words. The STRING is a
strandard iso language name.
name => STRING
[3.002] When the name of the field is given, the first encoded line will be shorter.
$obj->fold( $name, $body, [$maxchars] )
Mail::Message::Field::Full->fold( $name, $body, [$maxchars] )
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->setWrapLength( [$length] )
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->stringifyData(STRING|ARRAY|$objects)
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Field
$obj->unfold(STRING)
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Field
Parsing
You probably do not want to call these parsing methods yourself: use the standard
constructors (new()) and it will be done for you.
$obj->consumeComment(STRING)
Mail::Message::Field::Full->consumeComment(STRING)
Try to read a comment from the STRING. When successful, the comment without
encapsulation parenthesis is returned, together with the rest of the string.
$obj->consumeDotAtom(STRING)
Returns three elemens: the atom-text, the rest string, and the concatenated comments.
Both atom and comments can be undef.
$obj->consumePhrase(STRING)
Mail::Message::Field::Full->consumePhrase(STRING)
Take the STRING, and try to strip-off a valid phrase. In the obsolete phrase syntax,
any sequence of words is accepted as phrase (as long as certain special characters are
not used). RFC2822 is stricter: only one word or a quoted string is allowed. As
always, the obsolete syntax is accepted, and the new syntax is produced.
This method returns two elements: the phrase (or undef) followed by the resulting
string. The phrase will be removed from the optional quotes. Be warned that "" will
return an empty, valid phrase.
example:
my ($phrase, $rest) = $field->consumePhrase( q["hi!" <sales AT example.com>] );
$obj->parse(STRING)
Get the detailed information from the STRING, and store the data found in the field
object. The accepted input is very field type dependent. Unstructured fields do no
parsing whatsoever.
$obj->produceBody()
Produce the text for the field, based on the information stored within the field
object.
Usually, you wish the exact same line as was found in the input source of a message.
But when you have created a field yourself, it should get formatted. You may call
beautify() on a preformatted field to enforce a call to this method when the field is
needed later.
Error handling
Extends "Error handling" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->AUTOLOAD()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->addReport($object)
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->defaultTrace( [$level]|[$loglevel, $tracelevel]|[$level, $callback] )
Mail::Message::Field::Full->defaultTrace( [$level]|[$loglevel, $tracelevel]|[$level,
$callback] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->errors()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->log( [$level, [$strings]] )
Mail::Message::Field::Full->log( [$level, [$strings]] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->logPriority($level)
Mail::Message::Field::Full->logPriority($level)
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->logSettings()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->notImplemented()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->report( [$level] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->reportAll( [$level] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->trace( [$level] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->warnings()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
Cleanup
Extends "Cleanup" in Mail::Message::Field.
$obj->DESTROY()
Inherited, see "Cleanup" in Mail::Reporter
DETAILS
Extends "DETAILS" in Mail::Message::Field.
DIAGNOSTICS
Warning: Field content is not numerical: $content
The numeric value of a field is requested (for instance the "Lines" or
"Content-Length" fields should be numerical), however the data contains weird
characters.
Warning: Illegal character in charset '$charset'
The field is created with an utf8 string which only contains data from the specified
character set. However, that character set can never be a valid name because it
contains characters which are not permitted.
Warning: Illegal character in field name $name
A new field is being created which does contain characters not permitted by the RFCs.
Using this field in messages may break other e-mail clients or transfer agents, and
therefore mutulate or extinguish your message.
Warning: Illegal character in language '$lang'
The field is created with data which is specified to be in a certain language,
however, the name of the language cannot be valid: it contains characters which are
not permitted by the RFCs.
Warning: Illegal encoding '$encoding', used 'q'
The RFCs only permit base64 ("b " or "B ") or quoted-printable ("q" or "Q") encoding.
Other than these four options are illegal.
Error: Package $package does not implement $method.
Fatal error: the specific package (or one of its superclasses) does not implement this
method where it should. This message means that some other related classes do
implement this method however the class at hand does not. Probably you should
investigate this and probably inform the author of the package.
SEE ALSO
This module is part of Mail-Message distribution version 3.012, built on February 11,
2022. Website: http://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/
LICENSE
Copyrights 2001-2022 by [Mark Overmeer <markov AT cpan.org>]. For other contributors see
ChangeLog.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
terms as Perl itself. See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/
perl v5.34.0 2022-02-14 Mail::Message::Field::Full(3pm)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2024-12-12 09:45 @18.217.255.64 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)