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Mail::Message::Head::Complete(3User Contributed Perl DocumentatMail::Message::Head::Complete(3pm)
NAME
Mail::Message::Head::Complete - the header of one message
INHERITANCE
Mail::Message::Head::Complete
is a Mail::Message::Head
is a Mail::Reporter
Mail::Message::Head::Complete is extended by
Mail::Message::Head::Partial
Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader
Mail::Message::Head::Complete is realized by
Mail::Message::Head::Delayed
Mail::Message::Head::Subset
SYNOPSIS
my $head = Mail::Message::Head::Complete->new;
See Mail::Message::Head
DESCRIPTION
E-mail's message can be in various states: unread, partially read, and fully read. The
class stores a message of which all header lines are known for sure.
Extends "DESCRIPTION" in Mail::Message::Head.
OVERLOADED
Extends "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Head.
overload: ""
Inherited, see "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Head
overload: bool
Inherited, see "OVERLOADED" in Mail::Message::Head
METHODS
Extends "METHODS" in Mail::Message::Head.
Constructors
Extends "Constructors" in Mail::Message::Head.
Mail::Message::Head::Complete->build( [PAIR|$field], ... )
Undefined values are interpreted as empty field values, and therefore skipped.
$obj->clone( [@names|ARRAY|Regexps] )
Make a copy of the header, optionally limited only to the header lines specified by
@names. See grepNames() on the way these fields can be used.
example:
my $newhead = $head->clone('Subject', 'Received');
Mail::Message::Head::Complete->new(%options)
Inherited, see "Constructors" in Mail::Message::Head
The header
Extends "The header" in Mail::Message::Head.
$obj->isDelayed()
Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->isEmpty()
Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->isModified()
Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->knownNames()
Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->message( [$message] )
Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->modified( [BOOLEAN] )
Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->nrLines()
Return the number of lines needed to display this header (including the trailing
newline)
$obj->orderedFields()
Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->size()
Return the number of bytes needed to display this header (including the trailing
newline). On systems which use CRLF as line separator, the number of lines in the
header (see nrLines()) must be added to find the actual size in the file.
$obj->wrap($integer)
Re-fold all fields from the header to contain at most $integer number of characters
per line.
example: re-folding a header
$msg->head->wrap(78);
Access to the header
Extends "Access to the header" in Mail::Message::Head.
$obj->add( $field | $line | <$name, $body, [$attrs]> )
Add a field to the header. If a field is added more than once, all values are stored
in the header, in the order they are added.
When a $field object is specified (some Mail::Message::Field instance), that will be
added. Another possibility is to specify a raw header $line, or a header line nicely
split-up in $name and $body, in which case the field constructor is called for you.
$line or $body specifications which are terminated by a new-line are considered to be
correctly folded. Lines which are not terminated by a new-line will be folded when
needed: new-lines will be added where required. It is strongly advised to let MailBox
do the folding for you.
The return value of this method is the Mail::Message::Field object which is created
(or was specified).
example:
my $head = Mail::Message::Head->new;
$head->add('Subject: hi!');
$head->add(From => 'me@home');
my $field = Mail::Message::Field->new('To: you@there');
$head->add($field);
my Mail::Message::Field $s = $head->add(Sender => 'I');
$obj->addListGroup($object)
A list group is a set of header fields which contain data about a mailing list which
was used to transmit the message. See Mail::Message::Head::ListGroup for details
about the implementation of the $object.
When you have a list group prepared, you can add it later using this method. You will
get your private copy of the list group data in return, because the same group can be
used for multiple messages.
example: of adding a list group to a header
my $lg = Mail::Message::Head::ListGroup->new(...);
my $own_lg = $msg->head->addListGroup($lg);
$obj->addResentGroup($resent_group|$data)
Add a $resent_group (a Mail::Message::Head::ResentGroup object) to the header. If you
specify $data, that is used to create such group first. If no "Received" line is
specified, it will be created for you.
These header lines have nothing to do with the user's sense of "reply" or "forward"
actions: these lines trace the e-mail transport mechanism.
example:
my $rg = Mail::Message::Head::ResentGroup->new(head => $head, ...);
$head->addResentGroup($rg);
my $rg = $head->addResentGroup(From => 'me');
$obj->addSpamGroup($object)
A spam fighting group is a set of header fields which contains data which is used to
fight spam. See Mail::Message::Head::SpamGroup for details about the implementation
of the $object.
When you have a spam group prepared, you can add it later using this method. You will
get your private copy of the spam group data in return, because the same group can be
used for multiple messages.
example: of adding a spam group to a header
my $sg = Mail::Message::Head::SpamGroup->new(...);
my $own_sg = $msg->head->addSpamGroup($sg);
$obj->count($name)
Count the number of fields with this $name. Most fields will return 1: only one
occurrence in the header. As example, the "Received" fields are usually present more
than once.
$obj->delete($name)
Remove the field with the specified name. If the header contained multiple lines with
the same name, they will be replaced all together. This method simply calls reset()
without replacement fields. READ THE IMPORTANT WARNING IN removeField()
$obj->get( $name, [$index] )
Inherited, see "Access to the header" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->grepNames( [@names|ARRAY|Regexps] )
Filter from all header fields those with names which start will any of the specified
list. When no names are specified, all fields will be returned. The list is ordered
as they where read from file, or added later.
The @names are considered regular expressions, and will all be matched case
insensitive and attached to the front of the string only. You may also specify one or
more prepared regexes.
example:
my @f = $head->grepNames(); # same as $head->orderedFields
my @f = $head->grepNames('X-', 'Subject', ');
my @to = $head->grepNames('To\b'); # will only select To
$obj->listGroup()
Returns a list group description: the set of headers which form the information about
mailing list software used to transport the message. See also addListGroup() and
removeListGroup().
example: use of listGroup()
if(my $lg = $msg->head->listGroup)
{ $lg->print(\*STDERR);
$lg->delete;
}
$msg->head->removeListGroup;
$obj->names()
Returns a full ordered list of known field names, as defined in the header. Fields
which were reset() to be empty will still be listed here.
$obj->print( [$fh] )
Print all headers to the specified $fh, by default the selected filehandle. See
printUndisclosed() to limit the headers to include only the public headers.
example:
$head->print(\*OUT);
$head->print;
my $fh = IO::File->new(...);
$head->print($fh);
$obj->printSelected($fh, <STRING|Regexp>, ...)
Like the usual print(), the header lines are printed to the specified $fh. In this
case, however, only the fields with names as specified by STRING (case insensative) or
Regexp are printed. They will stay the in-order of the source header.
example: printing only a subset of the fields
$head->printSelected(STDOUT, qw/Subject From To/, qr/^x\-(spam|xyz)\-/i)
$obj->printUndisclosed( [$fh] )
Like the usual print(), the header lines are printed to the specified $fh, by default
the selected filehandle. In this case, however, "Bcc" and "Resent-Bcc" lines are
included.
$obj->removeContentInfo()
Remove all body related fields from the header. The header will become partial.
$obj->removeField($field)
Remove the specified $field object from the header. This is useful when there are
possible more than one fields with the same name, and you need to remove exactly one
of them. Also have a look at delete(), reset(), and set().
See also Mail::Message::Head::Partial::removeFields() (mind the 's' at the end of the
name), which accepts a string or regular expression as argument to select the fields
to be removed.
WARNING WARNING WARNING: for performance reasons, the header administration uses weak
references (see Scalar::Util method weaken()> to figure-out which fields have been
removed. A header is a hash of field for fast search and an array of weak references
to remember the order of the fields, required for printing. If the field is removed
from the hash, the weak-ref is set to undef and the field not printed.
However... it is easy to disturb this process. Example:
my $msg = ....; # subject ref-count = 1 + 0 = 1
$msg->head->delete('Subject'); # subject ref-count = 0 = 0: clean-up
$msg->print; # subject doesn't show: ok
But
my $msg = ....; # subject ref-count = 1 + 0 = 1
my $s = $msg->head->get('subject'); # ref-count = 1 + 1 + 0 = 2
$msg->head->delete('Subject'); # subject ref-count = 1 + 0 = 1: no clean-up
$msg->print; # subject DOES show: not ok
undef $s; # ref-count becomes 0: clean-up
$msg->print; # subject doesn't show: ok
To avoid the latter situation, do not catch the field object, but only the field
content. SAVE are all methods which return the text:
my $s = $msg->head->get('subject')->body;
my $s = $msg->head->get('subject')->unfoldedBody;
my $s = $msg->head->get('subject')->foldedBody;
my $s = $msg->head->get('subject')->foldedBody;
my $s = $msg->get('subject');
my $s = $msg->subject;
my $s = $msg->string;
$obj->removeFields( <STRING|Regexp>, ... )
The header object is turned into a Mail::Message::Head::Partial object which has a set
of fields removed. Read about the implications and the possibilities in
Mail::Message::Head::Partial::removeFields().
$obj->removeFieldsExcept( <STRING|Regexp>, ... )
The header object is turned into a Mail::Message::Head::Partial object which has a set
of fields removed. Read about the implications and the possibilities in
Mail::Message::Head::Partial::removeFieldsExcept().
$obj->removeListGroup()
Removes all fields related to mailing list administration at once. The header object
is turned into a Mail::Message::Head::Partial object. Read about the implications and
the possibilities in Mail::Message::Head::Partial::removeListGroup().
$obj->removeResentGroups()
Removes all resent groups at once. The header object is turned into a
Mail::Message::Head::Partial object. Read about the implications and the
possibilities in Mail::Message::Head::Partial::removeResentGroups().
$obj->removeSpamGroups()
Removes all fields which were added by various spam detection software at once. The
header object is turned into a Mail::Message::Head::Partial object. Read about the
implications and the possibilities in
Mail::Message::Head::Partial::removeSpamGroups().
$obj->resentGroups()
Returns a list of Mail::Message::Head::ResentGroup objects which each represent one
intermediate point in the message's transmission in the order as they appear in the
header: the most recent one first. See also addResentGroup() and
removeResentGroups().
A resent group contains a set of header fields whose names start with "Resent-*".
Before the first "Resent" line is trace information, which is composed of an optional
"Return-Path" field and an required "Received" field.
$obj->reset($name, @fields)
Replace the values in the header fields named by $name with the values specified in
the list of @fields. A single name can correspond to multiple repeated fields. READ
THE IMPORTANT WARNING IN removeField()
Removing fields which are part of one of the predefined field groups is not a smart
idea. You can better remove these fields as group, all together. For instance, the
'Received' lines are part of resent groups, 'X-Spam' is past of a spam group, and
"List-Post" belongs to a list group. You can delete a whole group with
Mail::Message::Head::FieldGroup::delete(), or with methods which are provided by
Mail::Message::Head::Partial.
If FIELDS is empty, the corresponding $name fields will be removed. The location of
removed fields in the header order will be remembered. Fields with the same name which
are added later will appear at the remembered position. This is equivalent to the
delete() method.
example:
# reduce number of 'Keywords' lines to last 5)
my @keywords = $head->get('Keywords');
$head->reset('Keywords', @keywords[-5..-1]) if @keywords > 5;
# Reduce the number of Received lines to only the last added one.
my @rgs = $head->resentGroups;
shift @rgs; # keep this one (later is added in front)
$_->delete foreach @rgs;
$obj->set( $field | $line | <$name, $body, [$attrs]> )
The "set" method is similar to the add() method, and takes the same options. However,
existing values for fields will be removed before a new value is added. READ THE
IMPORTANT WARNING IN removeField()
$obj->spamDetected()
Returns whether one of the spam groups defines a report about spam. If there are not
header fields in the message which relate to spam-detection software, "undef" is
returned. The spamgroups which report spam are returned.
example:
$message->delete if $message->spamDetected;
call_spamassassin($message)
unless defined $message->spamDetected;
$obj->spamGroups( [$names] )
Returns a list of Mail::Message::Head::SpamGroup objects, each collecting some lines
which contain spam fighting information. When any $names are given, then only these
groups are returned. See also addSpamGroup() and removeSpamGroups().
In scalar context, with exactly one NAME specified, that group will be returned. With
more $names or without $names, a list will be returned (which defaults to the length
of the list in scalar context).
example: use of listGroup()
my @sg = $msg->head->spamGroups;
$sg[0]->print(\*STDERR);
$sg[-1]->delete;
my $sg = $msg->head->spamGroups('SpamAssassin');
$obj->string()
Returns the whole header as one scalar (in scalar context) or list of lines (list
context). Triggers completion.
$obj->study( $name, [$index] )
Inherited, see "Access to the header" in Mail::Message::Head
About the body
Extends "About the body" in Mail::Message::Head.
$obj->guessBodySize()
Inherited, see "About the body" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->guessTimeStamp()
Make a guess about when the message was origanally posted, based on the information
found in the header's "Date" field.
For some kinds of folders, Mail::Message::guessTimestamp() may produce a better
result, for instance by looking at the modification time of the file in which the
message is stored. Also some protocols, like POP can supply that information.
$obj->isMultipart()
Inherited, see "About the body" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->recvstamp()
Returns an indication about when the message was sent, but only using the "Date" field
in the header as last resort: we do not trust the sender of the message to specify the
correct date. See timestamp() when you do trust the sender.
Many spam producers fake a date, which mess up the order of receiving things. The
timestamp which is produced is derived from the Received headers, if they are present,
and "undef" otherwise.
The timestamp is encoded as "time" is on your system (see perldoc -f time), and as
such usable for the "gmtime" and "localtime" methods.
example: of time-sorting folders with received messages
my $folder = $mgr->open('InBox');
my @messages = sort {$a->recvstamp <=> $b->recvstamp}
$folder->messages;
example: of time-sorting messages of mixed origin
my $folder = $mgr->open('MyFolder');
# Pre-calculate timestamps to be sorted (for speed)
my @stamps = map { [ ($_->timestamp || 0), $_ ] }
$folder->messages;
my @sorted
= map { $_->[1] } # get the message for the stamp
sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} # stamps are numerics
@stamps;
$obj->timestamp()
Returns an indication about when the message was sent, with as little guessing as
possible. In this case, the date as specified by the sender is trusted. See
recvstamp() when you do not want to trust the sender.
The timestamp is encoded as "time" is on your system (see perldoc -f time), and as
such usable for the "gmtime" and "localtime" methods.
Internals
Extends "Internals" in Mail::Message::Head.
$obj->addNoRealize($field)
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->addOrderedFields($fields)
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->createFromLine()
For some mail-folder types separate messages by a line starting with '"From "'. If a
message is moved to such folder from a folder-type which does not support these
separators, this method is called to produce one.
$obj->createMessageId()
Creates a message-id for this message. This method will be run when a new message is
created, or a message is discovered without the message-id header field. Message-ids
are required for detection of message-threads. See messageIdPrefix().
$obj->fileLocation()
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->load()
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->messageIdPrefix( [$prefix, [$hostname]|CODE] )
Mail::Message::Head::Complete->messageIdPrefix( [$prefix, [$hostname]|CODE] )
When options are provided, it sets a new way to create message-ids, as used by
createMessageId(). You have two choices: either by providing a $prefix and optionally
a $hostname, or a CODE reference.
The CODE reference will be called with the header as first argument. You must ensure
yourself that the returned value is RFC compliant.
The $prefix defaults to "mailbox-$$", the $hostname defaults to the return of
Net::Domains's function "hostfqdn()", or when not installed, the Sys::Hostname's
function "hostname()". Inbetween the two, a nano-second time provided by Time::HiRes
is used. If that module is not available, "time" is called at the start of the
program, and incremented for each newly created id.
In any case, a subroutine will be created to be used. A reference to that will be
returned. When the method is called without arguments, but no subroutine is defined
yet, one will be created.
example: setting a message prefix
$head->messageIdPrefix('prefix');
Mail::Message::Head::Complete->messageIdPrefix('prefix');
my $code = $head->messageIdPrefix('mailbox', 'nohost');
sub new_msgid()
{ my $head = shift;
"myid-$$-${(rand 10000)}@example.com";
}
$many_msg->messageIdPrefix(\&new_msgid);
Mail::Message::Head::Complete->messageIdPrefix(&new_msgid);
$obj->moveLocation($distance)
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->read($parser)
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Head
$obj->setNoRealize($field)
Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Head
Error handling
Extends "Error handling" in Mail::Message::Head.
$obj->AUTOLOAD()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->addReport($object)
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->defaultTrace( [$level]|[$loglevel, $tracelevel]|[$level, $callback] )
Mail::Message::Head::Complete->defaultTrace( [$level]|[$loglevel, $tracelevel]|[$level,
$callback] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->errors()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->log( [$level, [$strings]] )
Mail::Message::Head::Complete->log( [$level, [$strings]] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->logPriority($level)
Mail::Message::Head::Complete->logPriority($level)
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->logSettings()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->notImplemented()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->report( [$level] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->reportAll( [$level] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->trace( [$level] )
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
$obj->warnings()
Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter
Cleanup
Extends "Cleanup" in Mail::Message::Head.
$obj->DESTROY()
Inherited, see "Cleanup" in Mail::Reporter
DETAILS
Extends "DETAILS" in Mail::Message::Head.
DIAGNOSTICS
Warning: Cannot remove field $name from header: not found.
You ask to remove a field which is not known in the header. Using delete(), reset(),
or set() to do the job will not result in warnings: those methods check the existence
of the field first.
Warning: Field objects have an implied name ($name)
Error: Package $package does not implement $method.
Fatal error: the specific package (or one of its superclasses) does not implement this
method where it should. This message means that some other related classes do
implement this method however the class at hand does not. Probably you should
investigate this and probably inform the author of the package.
SEE ALSO
This module is part of Mail-Message distribution version 3.012, built on February 11,
2022. Website: http://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/
LICENSE
Copyrights 2001-2022 by [Mark Overmeer <markov AT cpan.org>]. For other contributors see
ChangeLog.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
terms as Perl itself. See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/
perl v5.34.0 2022-02-14 Mail::Message::Head::Complete(3pm)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2024-12-12 11:44 @3.145.59.28 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)