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RPC.STATD(8) System Manager's Manual RPC.STATD(8)
NAME
rpc.statd - NSM service daemon
SYNOPSIS
rpc.statd [-dh?FLNvV] [-H prog] [-n my-name] [-o outgoing-port]
[-p listener-port] [-P path]
[--nlm-port port] [--nlm-udp-port port]
DESCRIPTION
File locks are not part of persistent file system state. Lock state is thus lost when a
host reboots.
Network file systems must also detect when lock state is lost because a remote host has
rebooted. After an NFS client reboots, an NFS server must release all file locks held by
applications that were running on that client. After a server reboots, a client must re-
mind the server of file locks held by applications running on that client.
For NFS version 2 [RFC1094] and NFS version 3 [RFC1813], the Network Status Monitor proto-
col (or NSM for short) is used to notify NFS peers of reboots. On Linux, two separate
user-space components constitute the NSM service:
rpc.statd
A daemon that listens for reboot notifications from other hosts, and manages the
list of hosts to be notified when the local system reboots
sm-notify
A helper program that notifies NFS peers after the local system reboots
The local NFS lock manager alerts its local rpc.statd of each remote peer that should be
monitored. When the local system reboots, the sm-notify command notifies the NSM service
on monitored peers of the reboot. When a remote reboots, that peer notifies the local
rpc.statd, which in turn passes the reboot notification back to the local NFS lock man-
ager.
NSM OPERATION IN DETAIL
The first file locking interaction between an NFS client and server causes the NFS lock
managers on both peers to contact their local NSM service to store information about the
opposite peer. On Linux, the local lock manager contacts rpc.statd.
rpc.statd records information about each monitored NFS peer on persistent storage. This
information describes how to contact a remote peer in case the local system reboots, how
to recognize which monitored peer is reporting a reboot, and how to notify the local lock
manager when a monitored peer indicates it has rebooted.
An NFS client sends a hostname, known as the client's caller_name, in each file lock re-
quest. An NFS server can use this hostname to send asynchronous GRANT calls to a client,
or to notify the client it has rebooted.
The Linux NFS server can provide the client's caller_name or the client's network address
to rpc.statd. For the purposes of the NSM protocol, this name or address is known as the
monitored peer's mon_name. In addition, the local lock manager tells rpc.statd what it
thinks its own hostname is. For the purposes of the NSM protocol, this hostname is known
as my_name.
There is no equivalent interaction between an NFS server and a client to inform the client
of the server's caller_name. Therefore NFS clients do not actually know what mon_name an
NFS server might use in an SM_NOTIFY request. The Linux NFS client uses the server host-
name from the mount command to identify rebooting NFS servers.
Reboot notification
When the local system reboots, the sm-notify command reads the list of monitored peers
from persistent storage and sends an SM_NOTIFY request to the NSM service on each listed
remote peer. It uses the mon_name string as the destination. To identify which host has
rebooted, the sm-notify command sends the my_name string recorded when that remote was
monitored. The remote rpc.statd matches incoming SM_NOTIFY requests using this string, or
the caller's network address, to one or more peers on its own monitor list.
If rpc.statd does not find a peer on its monitor list that matches an incoming SM_NOTIFY
request, the notification is not forwarded to the local lock manager. In addition, each
peer has its own NSM state number, a 32-bit integer that is bumped after each reboot by
the sm-notify command. rpc.statd uses this number to distinguish between actual reboots
and replayed notifications.
Part of NFS lock recovery is rediscovering which peers need to be monitored again. The
sm-notify command clears the monitor list on persistent storage after each reboot.
OPTIONS
-d, --no-syslog
Causes rpc.statd to write log messages on stderr instead of to the system log, if
the -F option was also specified.
-F, --foreground
Keeps rpc.statd attached to its controlling terminal so that NSM operation can be
monitored directly or run under a debugger. If this option is not specified,
rpc.statd backgrounds itself soon after it starts.
-h, -?, --help
Causes rpc.statd to display usage information on stderr and then exit.
-H, --ha-callout prog
Specifies a high availability callout program. If this option is not specified, no
callouts are performed. See the High-availability callouts section below for de-
tails.
-L, --no-notify
Prevents rpc.statd from running the sm-notify command when it starts up, preserving
the existing NSM state number and monitor list.
Note: the sm-notify command contains a check to ensure it runs only once after each
system reboot. This prevents spurious reboot notification if rpc.statd restarts
without the -L option.
-n, --name ipaddr | hostname
This string is only used by the sm-notify command as the source address from which
to send reboot notification requests.
The ipaddr form can be expressed as either an IPv4 or an IPv6 presentation address.
If this option is not specified, rpc.statd uses a wildcard address as the transport
bind address. See sm-notify(8) for details.
-N Causes rpc.statd to run the sm-notify command, and then exit. Since the sm-notify
command can also be run directly, this option is deprecated.
-o, --outgoing-port port
Specifies the source port number the sm-notify command should use when sending re-
boot notifications. See sm-notify(8) for details.
-p, --port port
Specifies the port number used for RPC listener sockets. If this option is not
specified, rpc.statd will try to consult /etc/services, if gets port succeed, set
the same port for all listener socket, otherwise chooses a random ephemeral port
for each listener socket.
This option can be used to fix the port value of its listeners when SM_NOTIFY re-
quests must traverse a firewall between clients and servers.
-T, --nlm-port port
Specifies the port number that lockd should listen on for NLM requests. This sets
both the TCP and UDP ports unless the UDP port is set separately.
-U, --nlm-udp-port port
Specifies the UDP port number that lockd should listen on for NLM requests.
-P, --state-directory-path pathname
Specifies the pathname of the parent directory where NSM state information resides.
If this option is not specified, rpc.statd uses /var/lib/nfs by default.
After starting, rpc.statd attempts to set its effective UID and GID to the owner
and group of the subdirectory sm of this directory. After changing the effective
ids, rpc.statd only needs to access files in sm and sm.bak within the state-direc-
tory-path.
-v, -V, --version
Causes rpc.statd to display version information on stderr and then exit.
CONFIGURATION FILE
Many of the options that can be set on the command line can also be controlled through
values set in the [statd] or, in some cases, the [lockd] sections of the /etc/nfs.conf
configuration file. Values recognized in the [statd] section include port, outgoing-port,
name, state-directory-path, and ha-callout which each have the same effect as the option
with the same name.
The values recognized in the [lockd] section include port and udp-port which have the same
effect as the --nlm-port and --nlm-udp-port options, respectively.
SECURITY
The rpc.statd daemon must be started as root to acquire privileges needed to create sock-
ets with privileged source ports, and to access the state information database. Because
rpc.statd maintains a long-running network service, however, it drops root privileges as
soon as it starts up to reduce the risk of a privilege escalation attack.
During normal operation, the effective user ID it chooses is the owner of the state direc-
tory. This allows it to continue to access files in that directory after it has dropped
its root privileges. To control which user ID rpc.statd chooses, simply use chown(1) to
set the owner of the state directory.
You can also protect your rpc.statd listeners using the tcp_wrapper library or ipta-
bles(8). To use the tcp_wrapper library, add the hostnames of peers that should be al-
lowed access to /etc/hosts.allow. Use the daemon name statd even if the rpc.statd binary
has a different filename.
For further information see the tcpd(8) and hosts_access(5) man pages.
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Lock recovery after a reboot is critical to maintaining data integrity and preventing un-
necessary application hangs. To help rpc.statd match SM_NOTIFY requests to NLM requests,
a number of best practices should be observed, including:
The UTS nodename of your systems should match the DNS names that NFS peers use to
contact them
The UTS nodenames of your systems should always be fully qualified domain names
The forward and reverse DNS mapping of the UTS nodenames should be consistent
The hostname the client uses to mount the server should match the server's mon_name
in SM_NOTIFY requests it sends
Unmounting an NFS file system does not necessarily stop either the NFS client or server
from monitoring each other. Both may continue monitoring each other for a time in case
subsequent NFS traffic between the two results in fresh mounts and additional file lock-
ing.
On Linux, if the lockd kernel module is unloaded during normal operation, all remote NFS
peers are unmonitored. This can happen on an NFS client, for example, if an automounter
removes all NFS mount points due to inactivity.
High-availability callouts
rpc.statd can exec a special callout program during processing of successful SM_MON,
SM_UNMON, and SM_UNMON_ALL requests, or when it receives SM_NOTIFY. Such a program may be
used in High Availability NFS (HA-NFS) environments to track lock state that may need to
be migrated after a system reboot.
The name of the callout program is specified with the -H option. The program is run with
3 arguments: The first is either add-client del-client or sm-notify depending on the rea-
son for the callout. The second is the mon_name of the monitored peer. The third is the
caller_name of the requesting lock manager for add-client or del-client , otherwise it is
IP_address of the caller sending SM_NOTIFY. The forth is the state_value in the SM_NOTIFY
request.
IPv6 and TI-RPC support
TI-RPC is a pre-requisite for supporting NFS on IPv6. If TI-RPC support is built into
rpc.statd, it attempts to start listeners on network transports marked 'visible' in
/etc/netconfig. As long as at least one network transport listener starts successfully,
rpc.statd will operate.
ENVIRONMENT
RPC_STATD_NO_NOTIFY=
If set to a positive integer, has the same effect as --no-notify.
FILES
/var/lib/nfs/sm directory containing monitor list
/var/lib/nfs/sm.bak directory containing notify list
/var/lib/nfs/state NSM state number for this host
/run/run.statd.pid pid file
/etc/netconfig network transport capability database
SEE ALSO
sm-notify(8), nfs(5), rpc.nfsd(8), rpcbind(8), tcpd(8), hosts_access(5), iptables(8), net-
config(5)
RFC 1094 - "NFS: Network File System Protocol Specification"
RFC 1813 - "NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification"
OpenGroup Protocols for Interworking: XNFS, Version 3W - Chapter 11
AUTHORS
Jeff Uphoff <juphoff AT users.net>
Olaf Kirch <okir AT monad.de>
H.J. Lu <hjl AT gnu.org>
Lon Hohberger <hohberger AT missioncriticallinux.com>
Paul Clements <paul.clements AT steeleye.com>
Chuck Lever <chuck.lever AT oracle.com>
1 November 2009 RPC.STATD(8)
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