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SCSIDEV(8) System Manager's Manual SCSIDEV(8)
# # $Id: scsidev.8,v 1.11.2.8 2004/02/18 10:08:59 garloff Exp $ #
NAME
scsidev - populate /dev/scsi with device names that are persistent against SCSI configura-
tion changes.
SYNOPSIS
scsidev [ -f ] [ -n ] [ -d ] [ -l ] [ -L ] [ -m mode ] [ -c mxms ] [ -A aliasfile ] [ -r ]
[ -M ] [ -e ] [ -o ] [ -s ] [ -v ] [ -q ] [ -h ]
DESCRIPTION
scsidev is a utility that is used to guarantee that the same device node can be used for
the same scsi device, no matter what other scsi devices are added or removed from the scsi
chain. The need for this tool arose because device numbers are assigned dynamically at
boot time, and if a new disk were added to the system (or if some disk didn't spin up),
then fixed device nodes would cause the wrong filesystems to be mounted, checked, etc.
This can also result in security holes, as some device nodes may have permissions that al-
low general users access to the raw device, and if the mappings were to change, users
would be able to access different devices.
scsidev is designed to be used once each time the system boots. It will scan all of the
detected devices on the system, and determine a immutable name that will represent the de-
vice. It first checks to see if a node by this name already exists - if this is the case,
then it checks to see if the major/minor numbers are correct. If a change in the minor
number is required, then a new device is created with the correct major/minor numbers, and
in addition, any ownership and permissions for the old device are applied to the new de-
vice.
Once this process is complete, then scsidev will scan all of the entries in the /dev/scsi
directory, and see if any of them are for devices nodes which were added for devices that
are not active. The permissions of inactive devices are stored in a .shadow. file and the
device node is removed as a security precaution, since these might have permissions that
would allow people to access devices that they should not be able to access. This is the
default behaviour and is considered ideal for most cases, as it preserves the ownership
and permissions of the files and is secure.
The so called sanitizing can be influenced by the options -f -d -n.
When you rescan the bus by using the rescan-scsi-bus.sh script or manually by using com-
mands like
echo "scsi add-single-device C B T U" >/proc/scsi/scsi
(C = Controller (host) no., B = Bus (Channel), T = Target (SCSI ID), U = Unit (SCSI LUN))
after the system is booted, then you will have to rerun scsidev so that the device nodes
for the newly detected devices are properly updated.
The device nodes that scsidev creates look something like "sdh4-334c0i0l0p1". In this
case, the various components of the name represent physical attributes about the device or
the host adapter to which it is connected. To begin with, the "h4" indicates that it is
connected to an Adaptec 1542. The "-334" is a means of identifying which 1542 the device
is attached to (since linux supports more than one 1542 in the system at the same time)
and (in this case) corresponds to the IO Port number (hex) of the controller (this is the
host adapter id number). The "c0" represents the channel number (since some host adapters
can drive multiple scsi busses). The "i0l0" indicates that this device is scsi ID 0, with
lun 0. Finally the "p1" indicated partition number 1.
OPTIONS
-f Flush everything from /dev/scsi prior to scanning the detected devices. This means
that new device nodes will be created even if the old ones were OK.
-d Sanitize by deletion. The .shadow. backup files will not be created, so you loose
all non-default ownership/permissions that may have been set.
-n Don't touch device nodes for non-existing SCSI devices. This might have security
implications and is therefore not recommended.
-l Symbolic link mode. Instead of creating nodes, symbolic links are created which
point to the older /dev/sda1 types of device nodes. When using this option, the
permissions of the /dev/XXX device nodes will be changed to match the ones stored
in /dev/scsi/YYY file, if present.
-L Use symbolic names for the aliases assigned through the /etc/scsi.alias settings
(see below).
-m mode
Specifies the mode (permissions) for new entries that need to be created.
-c maxmiss
Normally, if scsidev fails to open a generic scsi device, it finishes its scan for
devices. With this option, it goes on until maxmiss missing devices were found.
This is only used, if you don't have the /proc/scsi/scsi extensions for large
disks.
-A aliasfile
Use an alternative file instead of the default /etc/scsi.alias (see below).
-r scsidev does first probe the generic and then -- if appropriate -- the other high-
level devices (st, sd, sr). For removable devices (sd, sr, osst), this will fail,
if no medium is inserted, so scsidev can not ensure, that the device actually cor-
responds to the one reported by the sg interface. After the first device scan, the
situation is clear and scsidev will do the right guesses. So using -r in bootup
scripts is safe. After you removed devices from your SCSI config, it isn't safe any
longer. This is only needed, if you don't have the /proc/scsi/scsi extensions for
large disks.
-M Multipath support. scsidev normally does complain if a line in scsi.alias matches
more than one device and does not create an alias then. With multipatch support on,
it just creates the alias for the first device found matching the description in
the scsi.alias description.
-e Instructs scsidev to use devfs like names, i.e. using the cbtu (controller, bus,
target unit) characters instead of hcil (host, channel, scsi Id, scsi Lun) to build
the device name.
-o Instructs scsidev to use scd instead of sr for the old names of CD-ROM devices
(relevant for symlink mode).
-s Tells scsidev
to print out the device serial numbers of all detected devices on the system. This
string can be useful for forming aliases. If supported, also the WWID is printed.
-v Verbosity. Mainly used for debugging purposes. Use multiple times for more ver-
bosity.
-q Be Quiet. Only produce output, if there are errors.
-h Output short usage summary and copyright info and exit.
ALIASES
It was intended that scsidev be useful without any configuration at all. There are times
when it is much more convenient to have symbolic names for various devices. These sym-
bolic names should track devices as they get moved from controller to another, or even if
the SCSI id number is changed.
The general idea is that there is a configuration file /etc/scsi.alias which lists the
aliases that scsidev will attempt to create. Each line represents a separate alias, and
consists of a series of tokens. Here are a couple of example entries:
serial_number="DX908FK", devtype=disk, alias=fourgig
manufacturer=WANGTEK, devtype=tape, alias=qictape
id=2, devtype=generic, alias=cdwriter
The minimum requirements are that each line have a alias and a devtype field. The alias
will be used to build the pathnames, and the devtype must be one of disk, tape, osst,
cdrom or generic.
The additional qualifiers are optional, and you must specify a sufficient number of them
such that the alias will match only one device. The allowable qualifiers are:
manufacturer=
Specifies the name of the manufacturer. This is the same string that is printed at
boot time, and is also available through /proc/scsi.
model= Specifies the model number of the device. This is the same string that is printed
at boot time, and is also available through /proc/scsi.
rev= Specifies the revision string of the device. This is the same string that is
printed at boot time, and is also available through /proc/scsi.
serial_number=
Specifies the serial number of the device. Not all devices implement this, but for
those that do it provides a convenient mechanism to uniquely identify a device no
matter where it is found on the scsi chain. The serial number is the one reported
in INQUIRY page 0x80 with EVPD=1. It is displayed by scsidev -s .
wwid= Specifies the WWID number of a device. This is a 64bit world wide unique number,
which is supported by SCSI-3 devices and reported via INQUIRY page 0x83 with
EVPD=1. If supported, it's displayed by scsidev -s .
id= Specifies the scsi id number for the device.
lun= Specifies the lun for the device. Most devices have a lun of 0, and it is only
special devices such as cd changers that implement multiple lun devices.
chan= Specifies which channel (i.e. which bus) for host adapters that drive multiple
channels.
partition=
Specifies the partition number for disk drives. If unspecified, the alias will
match all partitions on the disk.
hostid=
Specifies the host adapter id number (0x334 part of sdh4-334c0i0l0p1 for example).
hostnum=
Specifies the unique number that each host adpater driver returns. Generally this
number is always 0 except for cases where the driver supports more than one device
of a given type on the system.
hostname=
Specifies the host adapter driver name. (Only the given chars need to match, so you
may omit the version number.)
Note that the specifiers which take string arguments can be quoted if the string contains
whitespace.
For disks, aliases for all partitions will be created (unless partition= is specified).
The names get a -pN suffix (N indicating the number of the partition. For tapes (st and
osst type), the non-rewinding variant with an n prepended will be created automatically.
AUTHOR
scsidev
... was written by Eric Youngdale <eric AT aib.com>
... was enhanced by Kurt Garloff <garloff AT suse.de>
BUGS
Probably there are ...
The BIOS and LILO do not have the knowledge about the SCSI devices at boot time, so you
still have to ensure, your kernel can be loaded when you insert a new disk.
COPYRIGHT
This program is free software. You can use it under the terms of the GNU GPL (General Pub-
lic License) Version 2 (or any later version, at your option). Note, that the GNU GPL im-
plies, that there is NO WARRANTY at all. Full text of the GPL can be found in
/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL file.
AVAILABILITY
scsidev is available from
http://www.suse.de/~garloff/linux/scsidev/
and
http://www.garloff.de/kurt/linux/scsidev/
and will also be put on standard anonymous ftp servers.
The old version is available from
ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/BETA/scsi/
Version 2.29 June 2003 SCSIDEV(8)
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On Apache
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