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Term::Cap(3perl) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Term::Cap(3perl)
NAME
Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
SYNOPSIS
require Term::Cap;
$terminal = Tgetent Term::Cap { TERM => undef, OSPEED => $ospeed };
$terminal->Trequire(qw/ce ku kd/);
$terminal->Tgoto('cm', $col, $row, $FH);
$terminal->Tputs('dl', $count, $FH);
$terminal->Tpad($string, $count, $FH);
DESCRIPTION
These are low-level functions to extract and use capabilities from a terminal capability
(termcap) database.
More information on the terminal capabilities will be found in the termcap manpage on most
Unix-like systems.
METHODS
The output strings for Tputs are cached for counts of 1 for performance. Tgoto and Tpad
do not cache. "$self->{_xx}" is the raw termcap data and "$self->{xx}" is the cached
version.
print $terminal->Tpad($self->{_xx}, 1);
Tgoto, Tputs, and Tpad return the string and will also output the string to $FH if
specified.
Tgetent
Returns a blessed object reference which the user can then use to send the control
strings to the terminal using Tputs and Tgoto.
The function extracts the entry of the specified terminal type TERM (defaults to the
environment variable TERM) from the database.
It will look in the environment for a TERMCAP variable. If found, and the value does
not begin with a slash, and the terminal type name is the same as the environment
string TERM, the TERMCAP string is used instead of reading a termcap file. If it does
begin with a slash, the string is used as a path name of the termcap file to search.
If TERMCAP does not begin with a slash and name is different from TERM, Tgetent
searches the files $HOME/.termcap, /etc/termcap, and /usr/share/misc/termcap, in that
order, unless the environment variable TERMPATH exists, in which case it specifies a
list of file pathnames (separated by spaces or colons) to be searched instead.
Whenever multiple files are searched and a tc field occurs in the requested entry, the
entry it names must be found in the same file or one of the succeeding files. If
there is a ":tc=...:" in the TERMCAP environment variable string it will continue the
search in the files as above.
The extracted termcap entry is available in the object as "$self->{TERMCAP}".
It takes a hash reference as an argument with two optional keys:
OSPEED
The terminal output bit rate (often mistakenly called the baud rate) for this
terminal - if not set a warning will be generated and it will be defaulted to 9600.
OSPEED can be specified as either a POSIX termios/SYSV termio speeds (where 9600
equals 9600) or an old DSD-style speed ( where 13 equals 9600).
TERM
The terminal type whose termcap entry will be used - if not supplied it will default
to $ENV{TERM}: if that is not set then Tgetent will croak.
It calls "croak" on failure.
Tpad
Outputs a literal string with appropriate padding for the current terminal.
It takes three arguments:
$string
The literal string to be output. If it starts with a number and an optional '*'
then the padding will be increased by an amount relative to this number, if the '*'
is present then this amount will be multiplied by $cnt. This part of $string is
removed before output/
$cnt
Will be used to modify the padding applied to string as described above.
$FH
An optional filehandle (or IO::Handle ) that output will be printed to.
The padded $string is returned.
Tputs
Output the string for the given capability padded as appropriate without any parameter
substitution.
It takes three arguments:
$cap
The capability whose string is to be output.
$cnt
A count passed to Tpad to modify the padding applied to the output string. If $cnt
is zero or one then the resulting string will be cached.
$FH
An optional filehandle (or IO::Handle ) that output will be printed to.
The appropriate string for the capability will be returned.
Tgoto
Tgoto decodes a cursor addressing string with the given parameters.
There are four arguments:
$cap
The name of the capability to be output.
$col
The first value to be substituted in the output string ( usually the column in a
cursor addressing capability )
$row
The second value to be substituted in the output string (usually the row in cursor
addressing capabilities)
$FH
An optional filehandle (or IO::Handle ) to which the output string will be printed.
Substitutions are made with $col and $row in the output string with the following
sprintf() line formats:
%% output `%'
%d output value as in printf %d
%2 output value as in printf %2d
%3 output value as in printf %3d
%. output value as in printf %c
%+x add x to value, then do %.
%>xy if value > x then add y, no output
%r reverse order of two parameters, no output
%i increment by one, no output
%B BCD (16*(value/10)) + (value%10), no output
%n exclusive-or all parameters with 0140 (Datamedia 2500)
%D Reverse coding (value - 2*(value%16)), no output (Delta Data)
The output string will be returned.
Trequire
Takes a list of capabilities as an argument and will croak if one is not found.
EXAMPLES
use Term::Cap;
# Get terminal output speed
require POSIX;
my $termios = new POSIX::Termios;
$termios->getattr;
my $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
# Old-style ioctl code to get ospeed:
# require 'ioctl.pl';
# ioctl(TTY,$TIOCGETP,$sgtty);
# ($ispeed,$ospeed) = unpack('cc',$sgtty);
# allocate and initialize a terminal structure
$terminal = Tgetent Term::Cap { TERM => undef, OSPEED => $ospeed };
# require certain capabilities to be available
$terminal->Trequire(qw/ce ku kd/);
# Output Routines, if $FH is undefined these just return the string
# Tgoto does the % expansion stuff with the given args
$terminal->Tgoto('cm', $col, $row, $FH);
# Tputs doesn't do any % expansion.
$terminal->Tputs('dl', $count = 1, $FH);
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright 1995-2015 (c) perl5 porters.
This software is free software and can be modified and distributed under the same terms as
Perl itself.
Please see the file README in the Perl source distribution for details of the Perl
license.
AUTHOR
This module is part of the core Perl distribution and is also maintained for CPAN by
Jonathan Stowe <jns AT gellyfish.uk>.
The code is hosted on Github: https://github.com/jonathanstowe/Term-Cap please feel free
to fork, submit patches etc, etc there.
SEE ALSO
termcap(5)
perl v5.34.0 2023-11-23 Term::Cap(3perl)
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