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UMOUNT(8) System Administration UMOUNT(8)
NAME
umount - unmount filesystems
SYNOPSIS
umount -a [-dflnrv] [-t fstype] [-O option...]
umount [-dflnrv] {directory|device}
umount -h|-V
DESCRIPTION
The umount command detaches the mentioned filesystem(s) from the file hierarchy. A
filesystem is specified by giving the directory where it has been mounted. Giving the
special device on which the filesystem lives may also work, but is obsolete, mainly
because it will fail in case this device was mounted on more than one directory.
Note that a filesystem cannot be unmounted when it is 'busy' - for example, when there are
open files on it, or when some process has its working directory there, or when a swap
file on it is in use. The offending process could even be umount itself - it opens libc,
and libc in its turn may open for example locale files. A lazy unmount avoids this
problem, but it may introduce other issues. See --lazy description below.
OPTIONS
-a, --all
All of the filesystems described in /proc/self/mountinfo (or in deprecated /etc/mtab)
are unmounted, except the proc, devfs, devpts, sysfs, rpc_pipefs and nfsd filesystems.
This list of the filesystems may be replaced by --types umount option.
-A, --all-targets
Unmount all mountpoints in the current mount namespace for the specified filesystem.
The filesystem can be specified by one of the mountpoints or the device name (or UUID,
etc.). When this option is used together with --recursive, then all nested mounts
within the filesystem are recursively unmounted. This option is only supported on
systems where /etc/mtab is a symlink to /proc/mounts.
-c, --no-canonicalize
Do not canonicalize paths. The paths canonicalization is based on stat(2) and
readlink(2) system calls. These system calls may hang in some cases (for example on
NFS if server is not available). The option has to be used with canonical path to the
mount point.
This option is silently ignored by umount for non-root users.
For more details about this option see the mount(8) man page. Note that umount does
not pass this option to the /sbin/umount.type helpers.
-d, --detach-loop
When the unmounted device was a loop device, also free this loop device. This option
is unnecessary for devices initialized by mount(8), in this case "autoclear"
functionality is enabled by default.
--fake
Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call or umount helper
execution; this 'fakes' unmounting the filesystem. It can be used to remove entries
from the deprecated /etc/mtab that were unmounted earlier with the -n option.
-f, --force
Force an unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system).
Note that this option does not guarantee that umount command does not hang. It's
strongly recommended to use absolute paths without symlinks to avoid unwanted readlink
and stat system calls on unreachable NFS in umount.
-i, --internal-only
Do not call the /sbin/umount.filesystem helper even if it exists. By default such a
helper program is called if it exists.
-l, --lazy
Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the file hierarchy now, and clean up all
references to this filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore.
A system reboot would be expected in near future if you're going to use this option
for network filesystem or local filesystem with submounts. The recommended use-case
for umount -l is to prevent hangs on shutdown due to an unreachable network share
where a normal umount will hang due to a downed server or a network partition.
Remounts of the share will not be possible.
-N, --namespace ns
Perform umount in the mount namespace specified by ns. ns is either PID of process
running in that namespace or special file representing that namespace.
umount switches to the namespace when it reads /etc/fstab, writes /etc/mtab (or writes
to /run/mount) and calls umount(2) system call, otherwise it runs in the original
namespace. It means that the target mount namespace does not have to contain any
libraries or other requirements necessary to execute umount(2) command.
See mount_namespaces(7) for more information.
-n, --no-mtab
Unmount without writing in /etc/mtab.
-O, --test-opts option...
Unmount only the filesystems that have the specified option set in /etc/fstab. More
than one option may be specified in a comma-separated list. Each option can be
prefixed with no to indicate that no action should be taken for this option.
-q, --quiet
Suppress "not mounted" error messages.
-R, --recursive
Recursively unmount each specified directory. Recursion for each directory will stop
if any unmount operation in the chain fails for any reason. The relationship between
mountpoints is determined by /proc/self/mountinfo entries. The filesystem must be
specified by mountpoint path; a recursive unmount by device name (or UUID) is
unsupported. Since version 2.37 it umounts also all over-mounted filesystems (more
filesystems on the same mountpoint).
-r, --read-only
When an unmount fails, try to remount the filesystem read-only.
-t, --types type...
Indicate that the actions should only be taken on filesystems of the specified type.
More than one type may be specified in a comma-separated list. The list of filesystem
types can be prefixed with no to indicate that no action should be taken for all of
the mentioned types. Note that umount reads information about mounted filesystems from
kernel (/proc/mounts) and filesystem names may be different than filesystem names used
in the /etc/fstab (e.g., "nfs4" vs. "nfs").
-v, --verbose
Verbose mode.
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
NON-SUPERUSER UMOUNTS
Normally, only the superuser can umount filesystems. However, when fstab contains the user
option on a line, anybody can umount the corresponding filesystem. For more details see
mount(8) man page.
Since version 2.34 the umount command can be used to perform umount operation also for
fuse filesystems if kernel mount table contains user's ID. In this case fstab user= mount
option is not required.
Since version 2.35 umount command does not exit when user permissions are inadequate by
internal libmount security rules. It drops suid permissions and continue as regular
non-root user. This can be used to support use-cases where root permissions are not
necessary (e.g., fuse filesystems, user namespaces, etc).
LOOP DEVICE
The umount command will automatically detach loop device previously initialized by
mount(8) command independently of /etc/mtab.
In this case the device is initialized with "autoclear" flag (see losetup(8) output for
more details), otherwise it's necessary to use the option --detach-loop or call losetup -d
<device>. The autoclear feature is supported since Linux 2.6.25.
EXTERNAL HELPERS
The syntax of external unmount helpers is:
umount.suffix {directory|device} [-flnrv] [-N namespace] [-t type.subtype]
where suffix is the filesystem type (or the value from a uhelper= or helper= marker in the
mtab file). The -t option can be used for filesystems that have subtype support. For
example:
umount.fuse -t fuse.sshfs
A uhelper=something marker (unprivileged helper) can appear in the /etc/mtab file when
ordinary users need to be able to unmount a mountpoint that is not defined in /etc/fstab
(for example for a device that was mounted by udisks(1)).
A helper=type marker in the mtab file will redirect all unmount requests to the
/sbin/umount.type helper independently of UID.
Note that /etc/mtab is currently deprecated and helper= and other userspace mount options
are maintained by libmount.
ENVIRONMENT
LIBMOUNT_FSTAB=<path>
overrides the default location of the fstab file (ignored for suid)
LIBMOUNT_MTAB=<path>
overrides the default location of the mtab file (ignored for suid)
LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
enables libmount debug output
FILES
/etc/mtab
table of mounted filesystems (deprecated and usually replaced by symlink to
/proc/mounts)
/etc/fstab
table of known filesystems
/proc/self/mountinfo
table of mounted filesystems generated by kernel.
HISTORY
A umount command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
SEE ALSO
umount(2), losetup(8), mount_namespaces(7), mount(8)
REPORTING BUGS
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at https://github.com/karelzak/util-linux/issues.
AVAILABILITY
The umount command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded from Linux
Kernel Archive <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.
util-linux 2.37.2 2021-06-02 UMOUNT(8)
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