这是早些时候应编辑的邀请为《Web信息架构:设计大型网站》这本书写的书评,发表在iachina.org的图书专题页面上。
当时,Oliver还想要为这本书创作一个幻灯片,后来开了头就食言了。现在把这篇书评重新发表一次,算是对编辑的致歉。 这篇帖子是2008年8月写的,帖子中的“三年前”,“半年前”,“一个月前”和“七年前”等相对时间请换算成绝对时间:)
很荣幸应邀为《Web信息架构:设计大型网站》一书写推荐文章。该书可以说是信息架构领域的经典之作,因为封面使用北极熊图片,也被业界称为北极熊图书。
小容将在此文中讲述个人与北极熊图书有关的几个小故事,籍此向作者、译者、审校者、编辑和出版机构致敬!
1
第一次看到北极熊图书是三年前。
那时候,小容参与中文网志年会(Cnbloggercon.org)的会议筹备,负责会议的标志和胸牌等事务用品的设计。因为这个机缘认识同在福州的程序员Yining。某次探讨会议筹备事项时,小容登门拜访Yining,于是在他的办公室里见到英文原版的北极熊图书。
在这之前,小容从制作个人网站开始,以业余玩票的形式参与几个不同类型网站的规划和创建。在边学边做的过程中,小容对如何组织和整理信息,并将它们发布到网站逐渐着迷起来。随后听说原来这种工作叫做信息架构。
当看到这本书时,小容很是惊讶。想不到早在1998年已经有这么细致详尽地探讨信息架构的专著问世。 Louis Rosenfeld和Peter Morville的背景是图书馆学,他们在1994年创建Argus Associates咨询公司,为客户提供信息架构方面的咨询。当时,信息架构还属于新兴实践,人们边做边学,从图书馆学中借来许多知识用在Web界面上。Louis Rosenfeld和Peter Morville根据自己的亲身实践,博采众长,在1998年出版了《Web信息架构》一书,第一次系统地整理了这方面的知识体系。
正是这次去Yining办公室的经历, 让小容对奥莱理出版公司(O’Reilly)、Peter Morville和Louis Rosenfeld产生了深刻的印象 。
2
半年前,小容在三万英尺的高空看Peter Morville的《随意搜寻》 (Ambient Findability)。这本书实际上出版于2005年,该书致力于探讨信息爆炸时代,信息/数据如何让自身具有“可搜寻性”,让人们更便利地接触到所想要的信息/数据。该书涉猎庞杂,试图将人们指引向一条通向理想境界的道路:想要找到事物,要反过来先让事物要具有可寻性。这样,人们才可能任何时候、任何地点,便利快捷地找到任何人和任何事物。
从 Peter Morville的blog上也了解到他在2008年正在写作新书《搜索模式》(Search pattern)。Peter Morville离开Argus Associates之后,创建了Semantic工作室,专注于信息架构、用户体验和可寻性咨询(findability consultancy),将自己的知识体系沿着时代的步伐推进到一个新的层次。
三年之前, 小容第一次看到Peter Morville的《Web信息架构》,而三年之后,我们目睹Peter Morville走到了信息架构的另外一面。通常,我们会积极思考如何有什么方法去提高搜索和获取信息的方法,却很少去思考,如何让信息本身更好地让人们搜索和获取。Peter Morville继续将可寻性(Findability)的话题推进,从用户体验的角度来研究搜索,试图去总结林林种种的搜索情境。
通过他发布出来的演讲幻灯片,我们可以看到,未来的《搜索模式》这本书,将会设计到使用搜索引擎搜索整个Web,在各种类型的网站内部搜索信息,搜索界面的自动语义推荐,搜索结果的结构化、社会化以及优先级,搜索模式的未来预测等等话题。
有趣的是,Peter Morville将北极熊放在演讲“搜索模式”(Search pattern)时使用的幻灯片上。或许在他心目中,北极熊已经不仅仅是《Web信息架构》的封面图片,更代表着他对信息架构专业领域孜孜不倦的知识探索与知识分享。
这一次飞行是小容第一次去纽约旅行。这次小容带着两个问题去纽约,一方面思考最近参与创建的网站的信息架构,另一方面思考自己未来的职业方向。
纽约的地铁交通系统和Peter Morville在《随意搜寻》里所写的问路(Wayfinding)话题非常契合。在整个旅行期间,小容仿佛是从信息架构的视角阅读纽约。历史悠久的地铁交通系统,井然有序的Downtown路标系统(由著名的五角设计公司设计),华尔街在现实物理世界和虚拟信息世界的反差,如何利用纽约图书馆寻找建筑研究资料的讲座……这些林林总总的经历俨然是最好的关于信息架构的生活读物。
熟悉了地铁系统,在纽约就不会迷路。如果我们的职业生涯中也有一只北极熊,想必我们也不会迷路。
3
一个月前的周日下午,小容和一位新朋友S君在Gtalk里聊天。S君说:“我要做信息架构!我一直就喜欢!”
S君对信息架构非常痴迷。他毕业工作一年,曾在广告公司做过客户服务,还在IT公司做过项目管理、流程架构和软件系统整改等工作。他现在一门心思准备转行去做信息架构,如果有关于信息架构的职位,宁愿不领薪水三个月,也要去争取这个机会。
他非常着急地想要进入信息架构这个领域。于是,他想了一个办法,准备花一些时间研究目前广告人很喜欢的一个新网站。他觉得这个新网站内容很有趣,但是架构很差,一般人进去都不会玩。他准备用四周的时间来做这件事情,第一周自己做一个新的网站架构思路,第二周用流程图等软件制作出架构思路报告,第三周调查朋友对这个报告的反馈,第四周根据反馈修改报告。他准备拿着自己做的架构优化方案去应聘一个与信息架构有关的职位。
这个网站是海内网。他准备去应聘的地方是4A广告公司的互动创意部门。
小容感觉到S君对两件事情需要更深入地了解。其一,到底信息架构本身是什么;其二,到底什么样的岗位需要信息架构。小容给他两点建议。其一,或许大陆近期不会有公司招聘专职的信息架构师,但是了解信息架构的其他人才却会大受欢迎,例如:产品经理或者用户界面设计师;其二,他当前的首要任务是花四周时间找一个自己最能胜任的新岗位,而后一边工作,一边学习信息架构的知识。
4.
七年前,小容和S君一样着迷于网站创建,那时候无从着手,于是就花三千元请一个网络公司制作自己的第一个个人网站,在当客户的同时,通过和网络公司沟通学习如何创建网站。现在,小容加入一个网站创建团队已经满八个月。业余爱好转变为日常工作,工作实践和知识探索融为一体。
相比起小容来,S君其实很幸运。
因为《Web信息架构》的中文简体版现在已经出版,S君有机会直接看这本书,了解系统地了信息架构的方方面面,从理论概念到操作实务,从职业角色到学习教育,Louis Rosenfeld和Peter Morville毫无保留地分享他们的实践经验和知识探索心得。许多大陆的Web开发人员和信息架构相关工作者将该书英文原版列为必读之选。现在该书中文简体版的问世,将为更多的Web从业者提供了一个兼具效率和系统的方法,了解、熟悉、精通信息架构这一新兴学科和产业实践。
这不仅仅是一本普通的IT类图书,沿着作者的足迹,从中更可以窥视整个新学科涌现、发展、转折和升华的记录。两位作者实践和探索并重的独特经历,为本书奠定了坚实的理论基础和具指导性的实务守则,他们锐利的目光,也洞察出整个学科未来的演化趋势,以及相应的职业趋势发展方向。
对于大陆读者来说,不论是就职于提供专业性服务的咨询公司,或者是在网站内部团队工作,以及在企业信息管理部门工作,本书不仅提供一个关于信息架构的宽广视角,而且提供实用细致的工具。不论里里外外,专家杂家,这本书都是关于信息架构的不二之选。
当然,这本书只是开始,当你读完之后,北极熊会带你去更远的地方。
草于2008年8月16日星期六
修订于2008年8月18日星期一、2008年8月20日星期三
Jianshuo Wang is very true to his friends and himself. His big laugh from heart can clean your mind and heart. Sometimes you even feel he is a little bit (positively) “childish”. I know this, but I am still moved by what he wrote - I am a rich person? - in his blog recently. Frankly, I was shocked, by his thinking and my behaviors similar. Here share with you:
I am a rich person?
http://home.wangjianshuo.com/archives/20090805_i_am_a_rich_person.htm
It is a very tough topic, and it is surely controversial. But it puzzled me a lot and I take the courage to share it.
In the last few years, I wrote an article The World of Different Rules talking about my conflict with a mason, and another article talking about my conflict with security guards. The root cause for the conflict is, I think, my hope of a better country - a country with more respects, and with more rules - A country that people respect private property, and a country where people are eventually equal - not because being rich or poor, or the positions they hold. Everyone should follow the rules, and be equal. I saw so many injustices the rich people did for the poor people.
However, recently, I bitterly reflect what I am doing, and I started to ask the question: Am I seen as a rich people from the poorer people?
Obviously I won't be naive enough to say I am still the poor. Rich is a relative term. My Ayi in Shanghai earns more than a middle school teacher in Luoyang, and an intern in my company earns more than most people I know in Luoyang, not to mention the rural areas. The gap between Shanghai and other part of the country is as obvious as developed country and developing country. Should I feel evil about it?
In Shanghai, after working for 10 years with pretty nice track record, I am relatively richer than people who just graduated, or people who are not fortunate enough to receive university education and are still doing labor intensive work in this city. Should I feel guilty about it?
When I use the newly developed standard of services and the sense of “justice” to judge people I often felt angry, and there are more and more conflicts between myself and other people.
I started to yield at drivers who don't yield to people on pedestrian when they do right turn. I started to educate service people behind the window of banks to show respects to their clients. I even started to educate people in the government that they should pay respect to citizens, and don't yell to them, because they are not their slaves; I was even naive enough to mention to them that it is the tax payers money that supported their job (I was surely laughed at loudly). Anyway, there are so many situations that I feel I am right, and people are doing something wrong.
Until one day, Wendy said this to me: "Jian Shuo, how can you be so mean to them?"
It happened this way. There are three unlicensed moving workers who successfully cheated us to believe they are Qiangsheng Moving (a good moving company), and scratched the most expensive table we had in our home. Then they pour some oil onto the table trying to fix it, but only turned the surface to a complete mass. They believed as long as they didn't do it intentionally, there is nothing wrong with what they did. I insist that they should pay for the damage. They laughed at me, and they insulted me for being stupid, and they even joked: “What a million dollar table you have! Why not tell me that the table worth 1 billion dollar!” It is the attitude they show that drove me crazy, exactly as the mason and security guard example. Obviously, they don't buy in my ideology of a world of justice.
When I insisted to fight with them, Wendy said this to me: “How can you justify your table to worth one week of their hard work! Do you really feel good when they give you the money that they earn with hard work?” Unfortunately, I felt Wendy is right. We paid the full amount of the money they blackmailed (jumped from initial 168 to 700 RMB finally) in a mixed mood. It is the environment that forced them to do bad things. They are living harder lives than we do. Wendy helped me to stay humble and grateful to this world, and don’t be the King of the Universe.
I painfully realized the facts that I am stuck here. I never really thought about it, but I have to admit that I am treated as the "Rich People", and according to what I did - so arrogant, and so self-centered, I am fully qualified to the "bad" rich people in novels I read when I was younger.
I had the conversation with Robert Mao many years ago. He was shocked when he returned to his hometown. He naturally stick to the habit to say "rich people are always bad", as the propaganda in China educated people for half centaury, but only to find out that he himself became the rich people that his villages hated. Again, unfortunately, he IS the rich guy in his village.
When I think about it, I cannot justify the big gap between the rich and the poor. If you ask me, I won't treat myself as rich people. I am just an IT professional turned entry-level entrepreneur in the last 10 years, but what I see myself does not matter. I found myself cannot justify why a cup of my favorite Starbucks worth about 3 hours of hard work of an Ayi, or several day of work for a servant in the city of Luoyang, or even worth, monthly income of people in my hometown. Again, should I feel guilty about it?
When I was poorer than today, I behaved differently from the person I am today. People who have less money don't care about service quality as people who have more money, and they are the people delivering the service. How you justify your high standard for them to provide good service without giving them the money they should earn. (It is the market price issue. Overpay than the fair market value does not solve the problem, just like donating does not solve poverty issues)
The gap between the rich and the poor get bigger and bigger in China. The tension between the rich and the poor gets bigger. I feel so bad when I am classified to the rich camp. But is there anything I can argue about it when people really think so?
After painful reflection, I started to adopt another philosophy. I should work harder to build a society with more justice by thinking writing, and then actions, instead of being mean to the people who provide bad service. It is their fault not to provide the service they should (according to my biased standard), but the root cause is not their fault. Why this society does not provide good education, good compensation, and good fare ware for everyone? It is not impossible.
P.S. Please don't be harsh to me when I brought to this private and sensitive topic. Let's address the rich and poor conflicts in China, instead of discussing I am rich or poor - it is relative term. I am conscious that to be able to consume a cup of Starbucks does not qualify me to be on the cover of Fortune magazine.
I replied as below:
No matter what people say in comments, I am moved by the empathy and the spirit of caring.
People are too rational when talking about rules (including me), but less and less thinking like a human in today's world, especially people who already own relatively more than others. They (we?) want to use rules to defend what already have. I need to keep reviewing my behavior as well to see which is my machine part and which is a human part.
Ruling is right, but it should not erase humanity.
Yes, it’s a tough topic. Don’t be harsh to me by discussing i am rich or poor.
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