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Under GNU General Public License
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POSTSUPER(1) General Commands Manual POSTSUPER(1)
NAME
postsuper - Postfix superintendent
SYNOPSIS
postsuper [-psSv]
[-c config_dir] [-d queue_id]
[-e queue_id] [-f queue_id]
[-h queue_id] [-H queue_id]
[-r queue_id] [directory ...]
DESCRIPTION
The postsuper(1) command does maintenance jobs on the Postfix queue. Use of the command is
restricted to the superuser. See the postqueue(1) command for unprivileged queue opera-
tions such as listing or flushing the mail queue.
By default, postsuper(1) performs the operations requested with the -s and -p command-line
options on all Postfix queue directories - this includes the incoming, active, deferred,
and hold directories with message files and the bounce, defer, trace and flush directories
with log files.
Options:
-c config_dir
The main.cf configuration file is in the named directory instead of the default
configuration directory. See also the MAIL_CONFIG environment setting below.
-d queue_id
Delete one message with the named queue ID from the named mail queue(s) (default:
hold, incoming, active and deferred).
To delete multiple files, specify the -d option multiple times, or specify a
queue_id of - to read queue IDs from standard input. For example, to delete all
mail with exactly one recipient user AT example.com:
postqueue -j | jq '
# See JSON OBJECT FORMAT section in the postqueue(1) manpage
select(.recipients[0].address == "user AT example.com")
| select(.recipients[1].address == null)
| .queue_id
' | postsuper -d -
Or the historical form:
mailq | tail -n +2 | grep -v '^ *(' | awk 'BEGIN { RS = "" }
# $7=sender, $8=recipient1, $9=recipient2
{ if ($8 == "user AT example.com" && $9 == "")
print $1 }
' | tr -d '*!' | postsuper -d -
Specify "-d ALL" to remove all messages; for example, specify "-d ALL deferred" to
delete all mail in the deferred queue. As a safety measure, the word ALL must be
specified in upper case.
Warning: Postfix queue IDs are reused (always with Postfix <= 2.8; and with Postfix
>= 2.9 when enable_long_queue_ids=no). There is a very small possibility that
postsuper deletes the wrong message file when it is executed while the Postfix mail
system is delivering mail.
The scenario is as follows:
1) The Postfix queue manager deletes the message that postsuper(1) is asked to
delete, because Postfix is finished with the message (it is delivered, or it
is returned to the sender).
2) New mail arrives, and the new message is given the same queue ID as the mes-
sage that postsuper(1) is supposed to delete. The probability for reusing a
deleted queue ID is about 1 in 2**15 (the number of different microsecond
values that the system clock can distinguish within a second).
3) postsuper(1) deletes the new message, instead of the old message that it
should have deleted.
-e queue_id
-f queue_id
Request forced expiration for one message with the named queue ID in the named mail
queue(s) (default: hold, incoming, active and deferred).
o The message will be returned to the sender when the queue manager attempts
to deliver that message (note that Postfix will never deliver messages in
the hold queue).
o The -e and -f options both request forced expiration. The difference is that
-f will also release a message if it is in the hold queue. With -e, such a
message would not be returned to the sender until it is released with -f or
-H.
o When a deferred message is force-expired, the return message will state the
reason for the delay. Otherwise, the reason will be "message is administra-
tively expired".
To expire multiple files, specify the -e or -f option multiple times, or specify a
queue_id of - to read queue IDs from standard input (see the -d option above for an
example, but be sure to replace -d in the example).
Specify "-e ALL" or "-f ALL" to expire all messages; for example, specify "-e ALL
deferred" to expire all mail in the deferred queue. As a safety measure, the word
ALL must be specified in upper case.
These features are available in Postfix 3.5 and later.
-h queue_id
Put mail "on hold" so that no attempt is made to deliver it. Move one message with
the named queue ID from the named mail queue(s) (default: incoming, active and de-
ferred) to the hold queue.
To hold multiple files, specify the -h option multiple times, or specify a queue_id
of - to read queue IDs from standard input.
Specify "-h ALL" to hold all messages; for example, specify "-h ALL deferred" to
hold all mail in the deferred queue. As a safety measure, the word ALL must be
specified in upper case.
Note: while mail is "on hold" it will not expire when its time in the queue exceeds
the maximal_queue_lifetime or bounce_queue_lifetime setting. It becomes subject to
expiration after it is released from "hold".
This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
-H queue_id
Release mail that was put "on hold". Move one message with the named queue ID from
the named mail queue(s) (default: hold) to the deferred queue.
To release multiple files, specify the -H option multiple times, or specify a
queue_id of - to read queue IDs from standard input.
Note: specify "postsuper -r" to release mail that was kept on hold for a signifi-
cant fraction of $maximal_queue_lifetime or $bounce_queue_lifetime, or longer.
Specify "-H ALL" to release all mail that is "on hold". As a safety measure, the
word ALL must be specified in upper case.
This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
-p Purge old temporary files that are left over after system or software crashes. The
-p, -s, and -S operations are done before other operations.
-r queue_id
Requeue the message with the named queue ID from the named mail queue(s) (default:
hold, incoming, active and deferred).
To requeue multiple files, specify the -r option multiple times, or specify a
queue_id of - to read queue IDs from standard input.
Specify "-r ALL" to requeue all messages. As a safety measure, the word ALL must be
specified in upper case.
A requeued message is moved to the maildrop queue, from where it is copied by the
pickup(8) and cleanup(8) daemons to a new queue file. In many respects its handling
differs from that of a new local submission.
o The message is not subjected to the smtpd_milters or non_smtpd_milters set-
tings. When mail has passed through an external content filter, this would
produce incorrect results with Milter applications that depend on original
SMTP connection state information.
o The message is subjected again to mail address rewriting and substitution.
This is useful when rewriting rules or virtual mappings have changed.
The address rewriting context (local or remote) is the same as when the mes-
sage was received.
o The message is subjected to the same content_filter settings (if any) as
used for new local mail submissions. This is useful when content_filter
settings have changed.
Warning: Postfix queue IDs are reused (always with Postfix <= 2.8; and with Postfix
>= 2.9 when enable_long_queue_ids=no). There is a very small possibility that
postsuper(1) requeues the wrong message file when it is executed while the Postfix
mail system is running, but no harm should be done.
This feature is available in Postfix 1.1 and later.
-s Structure check and structure repair. This should be done once before Postfix
startup. The -p, -s, and -S operations are done before other operations.
o Rename files whose name does not match the message file inode number. This
operation is necessary after restoring a mail queue from a different machine
or from backup, when queue files were created with Postfix <= 2.8 or with
"enable_long_queue_ids = no".
o Move queue files that are in the wrong place in the file system hierarchy
and remove subdirectories that are no longer needed. File position re-
arrangements are necessary after a change in the hash_queue_names and/or
hash_queue_depth configuration parameters.
o Rename queue files created with "enable_long_queue_ids = yes" to short
names, for migration to Postfix <= 2.8. The procedure is as follows:
# postfix stop
# postconf enable_long_queue_ids=no
# postsuper
Run postsuper(1) repeatedly until it stops reporting file name changes.
-S A redundant version of -s that requires that long file names also match the message
file inode number. This option exists for testing purposes, and is available with
Postfix 2.9 and later. The -p, -s, and -S operations are done before other opera-
tions.
-v Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the soft-
ware increasingly verbose.
DIAGNOSTICS
Problems are reported to the standard error stream and to syslogd(8) or postlogd(8).
postsuper(1) reports the number of messages deleted with -d, the number of messages ex-
pired with -e, the number of messages expired or released with -f, the number of messages
held or released with -h or -H, the number of messages requeued with -r, and the number of
messages whose queue file name was fixed with -s. The report is written to the standard
error stream and to syslogd(8) or postlogd(8).
ENVIRONMENT
MAIL_CONFIG
Directory with the main.cf file.
BUGS
Mail that is not sanitized by Postfix (i.e. mail in the maildrop queue) cannot be placed
"on hold".
CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this program. The text below
provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details including examples.
config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.
hash_queue_depth (1)
The number of subdirectory levels for queue directories listed with the
hash_queue_names parameter.
hash_queue_names (deferred, defer)
The names of queue directories that are split across multiple subdirectory levels.
import_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)
The list of environment parameters that a privileged Postfix process will import
from a non-Postfix parent process, or name=value environment overrides.
queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
syslog_facility (mail)
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that, for ex-
ample, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
Available in Postfix version 2.9 and later:
enable_long_queue_ids (no)
Enable long, non-repeating, queue IDs (queue file names).
SEE ALSO
sendmail(1), Sendmail-compatible user interface
postqueue(1), unprivileged queue operations
postlogd(8), Postfix logging
syslogd(8), system logging
LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
AUTHOR(S)
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
Wietse Venema
Google, Inc.
111 8th Avenue
New York, NY 10011, USA
POSTSUPER(1)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2025-01-05 17:26 @52.15.71.146 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)