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NMH(7mh) NMH(7mh)
NAME
nmh - new MH message system
DESCRIPTION
nmh is the name of a powerful message handling system. Rather than being a single compre-
hensive program, nmh consists of a collection of fairly simple single-purpose programs to
send, retrieve, save, and manipulate messages.
Unlike most mail clients in Unix, nmh is not a closed system which must be explicitly run,
then exited when you wish to return to the shell. You may freely intersperse nmh commands
with other shell commands, allowing you to read and answer your mail while you have (for
example) a compilation running, or search for a file or run programs as needed to find the
answer to someone's question before answering their mail.
The rest of this manual entry is a quick tutorial which will teach you the basics of nmh.
You should read the manual entries for the individual programs for complete documentation
(see the section on COMMANDS below).
To get started using nmh, put the directory "/usr/bin/mh" in your $PATH. Run the install-
mh command. If you've never used nmh before, it will create the necessary default files
and directories after asking you if you wish it to do so.
inc moves mail from your system mail drop into your nmh "+inbox" folder, breaking it up
into separate files and converting it to nmh format. It prints one line for each message
it processes, containing the from field, the subject field and as much of the first line
of the message as will fit. It leaves the first message it processes as your current mes-
sage. You'll need to run inc each time you wish to incorporate new mail into your nmh
file.
scan prints a list of the messages in your current folder.
The commands show, next, and prev are used to read specific messages from the current
folder. show displays the current message, or a specific message specified by its number
which is passed as an argument. next and prev display, respectively, the message numeri-
cally after or before the current message. In all cases, the message displayed becomes
the current message. If there is no current message, show may be called with an argument,
or next may be used to advance to the first message.
rmm (remove message) deletes the current message. It may be called, with message numbers
passed as arguments, to delete specific messages.
repl is used to respond to the current message (by default). It places you in the editor
with a prototype response form. While you're in the editor, you may peruse the item
you're responding to by reading the file @. After completing your response, type "l" to
list (review) it, or "s" to send it.
comp allows you to compose a message by putting you in the editor on a prototype message
form, and then lets you send it via the whatnow command. whatnow also supports easy-to-
use management of MIME attachments via its attach and related responses, as described in
its man page.
nmh command arguments are usually called switches. Some switches have a corresponding
"-no" switch, which negates all previous occurrences of that switch on the command line.
This allows a user to conveniently override, on the command line, a switch in their pro-
file. Switches may be abbreviated as long as there is no ambiguity with another switch of
the same command. To avoid ambiguity with any switches that may be added in the future,
it is recommended that full switch names be used in durable code such as shell scripts,
functions, and aliases.
Each nmh command may be run with the single switch -help, which causes it to print its
available switches, along with any profile components that apply, and then exit.
All the nmh commands may be run with the single switch -version, which causes them to
print the version number of the nmh distribution, and then exit.
Commands which take a message number as an argument (scan, show, repl, ...) also take one
of the words "first", "prev", "cur", "next", or "last" to indicate (respectively) the
first, previous, current, next, or last message in the current folder (assuming they are
defined). As a shorthand, "." is equivalent to "cur".
Commands which take a range of message numbers (rmm, scan, show, ...) also take any of
the abbreviations:
<num1>-<num2> Indicates all messages in the range <num1> to <num2>, inclusive. The
range must be nonempty.
all Indicates all messages, i.e., first-last.
<num>:+N
<num>:-N Up to N, where N must be a positive number, messages beginning with (or
ending with) message num. Num may be any of the pre-defined symbols
first, prev, cur, next or last. The + can be omitted.
first:N
prev:N
next:N
last:N As many of the first, previous, next, or last N messages that exist. As
above, N can be preceded with - to end the listing at the specified mes-
sage, or with an optional +.
Commands that take a folder name (inc, refile, scan, ...) accept the folder name in two
formats: "+folder" or "@folder". In both cases, "folder" can be a "/"-separated path,
e.g. "foo/bar". "+folder" specifies a directory path to a folder. If "folder" starts
with "/" then it's an absolute path from the root directory. If it is "." or "..", or
starts with "./" or "../", then it's relative to the current working directory. Otherwise
it's relative to mh-profile(5)'s "Path", i.e. as given by `mhpath +`. "@folder" is a
shorthand for "+curfolder/folder"; it's a relative path from the current folder. "cur-
folder" is given by `mhpath`. For example, assuming a Path profile component of Mail,
scan +inbox scans $HOME/Mail/inbox
scan +work/todo scans $HOME/Mail/work/todo
scan @todo scans $HOME/Mail/work/todo, if current folder is +work
refile @../done refiles to $HOME/Mail/work/done, if the current folder is +work/todo
scan +/tmp scans /tmp
scan +. scans the current directory
refile @. refiles current message to end of current folder.
There are many other possibilities such as creating multiple folders for different topics,
and automatically refiling messages according to subject, source, destination, or content.
These are beyond the scope of this manual entry.
COMMANDS
Following is a list of all the nmh commands, grouped loosely according to their role.
Sending
comp(1) compose a message
forw(1) forward messages
repl(1) reply to a message
whatnow(1) prompting front-end for send
Note that although whatnow provides much of the primary nmh user interface for sending
mail, it is almost never invoked manually, but rather is invoked indirectly by one of the
above commands, after you've composed a message in your editor, and before you've decided
to send it. Here you can add attachments, check the recipient list, decide to quit and
send it later, etc.
Related utilities:
ali(1) list mail aliases
anno(1) annotate messages
whom(1) report to whom a message would go
dist(1) redistribute a message to additional addresses
Advanced commands, only sometimes invoked directly:
mhbuild(1) translate MIME composition draft
send(1) send a message
sendfiles(1) send multiple files in a MIME message
Incorporating
inc(1) incorporate new mail
Related utilities:
burst(1) explode digests into messages
msgchk(1) check for messages
rcvdist(1) asynchronously redistribute new mail
rcvpack(1) append message to file
rcvstore(1) asynchronously incorporate new mail
slocal(1) asynchronously filter and deliver new mail
Viewing
next(1) show the next message
prev(1) show the previous message
show(1) show (display) messages
scan(1) produce a one line per message scan listing
fnext(1) select the next folder with new messages
fprev(1) select the previous folder with new messages
Related utilities, only sometimes invoked directly:
mhl(1) produce formatted listings of nmh messages
mhlist(1) list information about content of MIME messages
mhn(1) display/list/store/cache MIME messages
mhshow(1) display MIME messages
mhstore(1) store contents of MIME messages into files
Searching
Within a folder:
pick(1) select messages by content
Across folders:
new(1) list folders with new messages
unseen(1) list new messages in a given set of folders
flist(1) list folders with messages in given sequence(s)
flists(1) list all folders with messages in given sequence(s)
folder(1) set/list current folder/message
folders(1) list all folders
Organizing
mark(1) mark messages
refile(1) file messages in other folders
rmf(1) remove folder
rmm(1) remove messages
sortm(1) sort messages
Convenience Wrappers
mhmail(1) send or read mail
Utilities
mhfixmsg(1) rewrite MIME messages with various transformations
mhparam(1) print nmh profile components
mhpath(1) print full pathnames of nmh messages and folders
packf(1) compress a folder into a single file
prompter(1) prompting editor front end
rcvtty(1) report new mail
Indirectly Invoked Commands
ap(8) parse addresses RFC 822-style
dp(8) parse dates RFC 822-style
fmtdump(8) decode mh-format(5) files
install-mh(8) initialize the nmh environment
post(8) deliver a message
Files Used by nmh Commands
mh-alias(5) alias file for nmh message system
mh-format(5) format file for nmh message system
mh-profile(5) user customization for nmh message system
mh-tailor(5) mail transport customization for nmh message system
Formats
mh-draft(5) draft folder facility
mh-folders(5) nmh message storage format specification
mh-mail(5) message format for nmh message system
mh-sequence(5) sequence specification for nmh message system
FILES
/usr/bin/mh
contains nmh commands
/etc/nmh
contains nmh format files
/usr/lib/mh
contains nmh library commands
$HOME/.mh_profile
The user's nmh profile
SEE ALSO
install-mh(1), mh-profile(5), mh-chart(7), mh-mime(7)
BUGS
Send bug reports, questions, suggestions, and patches to nmh-workers AT nongnu.org. That
mailing list is relatively quiet, so user questions are encouraged. Users are also en-
couraged to subscribe, and view the archives, at https://lists.gnu.org/mail-
man/listinfo/nmh-workers .
If problems are encountered with an nmh program, they should be reported to the local
maintainers of nmh, if any, or to the mailing list noted above. When doing this, the name
of the program should be reported, along with the version information for the program.
To find out what version of an nmh program is being run, invoke the program with the -ver-
sion switch. This prints the version of nmh, the host it was compiled on, and the date
the program was linked.
New releases, and other information of potential interest, are announced at
http://www.nongnu.org/nmh/
nmh-1.7.1 2016-09-26 NMH(7mh)
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